Chapter 8: Inferences Based on a Single Sample ? Test of Hypothesis ? Elements of a Test Hypothesis o Null hypothesis (H ) o : A theory about the specific values of one or more population parameters. The theory generally represents the status quo, which we adopt until it is proven false. The theory is always stated as H o o Alternative (research) hypothesis (H : parameter = value. A o Test statistic: A sample statistic used to decide whether to reject the null hypothesis. ): A theory that contradicts the null hypothesis. The theory generally represents that which we will adopt only when sufficient evidence exists to establish its truth. o Rejection region : The numerical values of the test statistic for which the null hypothesis will be rejected. The rejection region is chosen so that the probability is a that it will contain the test statistic when the null hypothesis is true, thereby leading to a Type 1 error . The value o...