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Plan of a Roman House

1st century typical house in Pompeii
Fauces (entrance)
Atrium- a large space with a rectangular opening through which one looked to the sky. a little pool called the IMPLUVIUM
the entrance, a larger room called the TABLINUM was used as a public reception area. The dining room, the TRICLINIUM
enclosed colonnaded garden, or PERISTYLE
On the other hand, the core of the house, around the atrium, could be closed up as a barrier against cold winds when necessary.
House of the upper class are much better documente

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Ara Pacis

13-9 BC
Mother earth, nursing children
Air, Water
Or Peace (mother)
The Ara Pacis Augustae (Latin, "Altar of Augustan Peace)

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Mosaic in Church of Constantia

Mosaic in the Mausoleum of St. Constanza (360 AD)
Used on the ceiling (APSE)
-Peacocks: eternal life
-birds: Christian Soul: lightest animal
-fruits: Christ is the fruit of salvation
-grapes: wine : eucharist
-pinecones: redemption resurrection, new life
-spoons: used during eucharisy
-Putti busy: making wine (taken from vineyard)
-three guys: holy trinity
-portrait of constanza

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Augustus as a Priest

From via labicana, Rome
First century AD
Marble
Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Rome
Prima Porta
Pontifex maximus: high priest

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Arch of Constantine

312-315 AD
put up to honor Constantine and power over Maxentius
largest to be ever erected
Refliefs taken from earlier monuments of Trojan, Hadrian, and Marcus Aurelius
Not only decline of sculptural activity, but as a result of imperial propaganda associating Constantine to the good emperors.
lack of highly skilled artisans
at 4th century rome had not been centre of government

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Column of Trajan

Denube Personification (river) to fight the Dacians
Low relief
Landscape
Trajan is always in profile (like the coin), he is always a little bigger too.
Crowds background
Analythical, factual reporting
Fluidity of lines naturalistic
112-113 AD
Bronze statue of Trajan at top (then)- St. Peters 16th century now on top
served several functions:
remember the height of the dug away hill
showcase of T’s exploits
Tomb of his ashes

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Column of Marcus Aurelius

Column of Marcus Aurelius (colonna Antonina)
181 AD;
column was built to commemorate the victory after the Denubians
the miracle of the rain (Romans were able to defeat their enemies thanks to rain)
destruction of a native village
Attack on a native fortification TESTUDO turtle

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Apotheosis of Antonius the Pius and Faustina

Apotheosis of Antoninus and Faustina
Base of the Column of Antoninus Pius, Rome
161 AD
Musei Vaticani
Marble pedestal, red granite shaft, bronze statue
Classical symbolism, classical style,
Winged genius, emperor and his wife ascend to heaven while Rome and glory wave them farewell
Genius: between an angel and an entity that supervises certain activities (genius of death, war, peace)
Snake is animal of underworld/everlasting life (Snake eating itself: Ourobows)

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Trajan Bust

Cold
Naked
Power
Portrait Bust of Trajan. 98-117 AD London, British Museum
Heroic nudity
Augustan portraiture as a model
Coldness, remoteness of a superhuman being
Not completely frontal

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Commodus as Hercules

Lion
Apples
Club
Representation of shield with a gorgons head, two cornucopias and celestial globe
191 AD
Rome, Palazzo dei Conservatori

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Basilica of Constantine

Beginning of the 4th century
Michael Angelo took this as model for St. Peters Basilica
Basilica Nova, Maxentius and Constantine (306-313 AD)
Broad nave covered by 3 cross-vaults
Cross-vaults sprang at the level of the top of the barrel-vaults
Vaults were originally decorated with deeply sunken coffers.
Columns have no structural function

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Arch of Titus

Sacking of the Jewish Temple
Arch of Titus, AD 81
Celebrates the capture of Jerusalem in 70 AD
Arrival of emperor

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The Four Tetrads making an alliance

305 AD
Two Augustan rulers
Two Caesar Rulers
Different location and duties
To make Roman Empire more solid (no gaps)
Porphyri : purple marble

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Antonius the Pius

140-150 AD
Rome
Bowdoin College Museum of Fine Arts, Brunswick, Maine
Nicknamed Pious- he was very religious
Good character; the people liked him a lot
Soft chubby faces, curls, (kind of) idealization (a good amount)

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Theater of Marcellus

Rome
Nephew of Augustus (Marcellus)
Used as model for the Colosseum
Theater of Marcellus Commissioned by JC to rival theater of Pompey Built and Dedicated by Augustus 17-11 BC
The Theatre of Marcellus (Latin: Theatrum Marcelli, Italian: Teatro di Marcello) is an ancient open-air theatre built in the closing years of the Roman Republic.
in 12 BC by Augustus.[1]

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Vespasian

Promoter of Colosseum
Determinded, strong, Wrinkles, Few teeth
Portrait of Vespasian: 75 AD Unknown Artist
(all you need is bread and entertainment)
Very Realistic: many wrinkles, big nose, balding, loss his teeth
Imperial Portraits: one is the Official Version (needs to be exhibited in basilica, forum- idealistic) and the other is Private Version (people who knew him)

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Romans battling barbarians sarcophagus: Ludovisi Collection

Marcus Aurelius-esque but much more clutter
AD 250
Rome, Museo di Palazzo Altemps
Deeply cut, Most beautiful
Victorious General (his glory is everlasting)
Extremely detailed
Man playing trumpet (his cheeks are full blowing)
Detail of dresses and curly hair
Lack of space (Horror Vacui)

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Detail of Arch of Septimius Severus

Triumph over Arabs197-203 AD (203 AD)
Roman Forum
Representations of Victories fill the spandrels of the central arch and river gods occupy the spandrels of the side arches; small boys representing the four seasons stand just below. The flying victories, carrying trophies on long sticks, are descendants of those on the Arch of Titus, but the effect body, drapery, and wings is becoming less gently modeled in the old classical style, and rather more harsh and linear.

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Portrait of Septimius and Julia Donne (imperial family)

199 AD
Septimius, Julia Domna, Caracalla and Geta (Geta destroyed)
Painted on Wood
In Berlin museum

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Caracalla

Early to mid-third century AD
Marble
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Shows his personality (determination and power)
Caracalla killed Geta. He wanted to be the only emperor

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Colossal Statue of Constantine

Body in wood, extremities in marble
Frontal presentation
Eyes look to heaven (and finger points to heaven)
The Colossus of Constantine was a colossal acrolithic statue of Constantine the Great (c. 280–337) that once occupied the west apse of the Basilica of Maxentius in the Forum Romanum in Rome. Portions of the Colossus now reside in the Courtyard of the Palazzo dei Conservatori of the Musei Capitolini, on the Capitoline Hill, above the west end of the Forum.

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Baptistery of Saint John Lateran

Bricks: Opus Patericium
338 AD
Rome, San Giovanni in Laterano, Baptistery 330 Ca.
Octagonal plan
Brick faceting
Double series of columns in the interior
Stay isolated from church since those who are not baptized could not enter a church.
Opus lasceritum
8: 8th day resurrection: judgement day (7 days of creation)
walking baptism

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Constantia Sarcophagus porphyry

Putti pressing wine, picking up grapes
Mid 4th century AD
Rome, Vatican 350 ca.
Putti (winged babies, pushing grapes (wine))
Peacocks were believed to have flesh that doesn’t rot after death

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Sarcophagus showing stories from the Old and New Testament

Junius Bassus Sarcophagus
359 AD, Rome, Vatican
general theme: redemption of humanity from sin= Adam and eve
2 registers of 5 compartments framed by columns
NO representation of deceased
Borrows patterns from imperial Iconography
St. Peter's Grottoes, 359 AD
Jesus giving Peter and Paul the scrolls: TRADITIO LEGIS

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Plan of a Roman House	1st century typical house in Pompeii Fauces (entrance) Atrium- a large space with a rectangular opening through which one looked to the sky. a little pool called the IMPLUVIUM the entrance, a larger room called the TABLINUM was used as a public reception area. The dining room, the TRICLINIUM enclosed colonnaded garden, or PERISTYLE On the other hand, the core of the house, around the atrium, could be closed up as a barrier against cold winds when necessary. House of the upper class are much better documente
Ara Pacis	13-9 BC Mother earth, nursing children Air, Water Or Peace (mother) The Ara Pacis Augustae (Latin, "Altar of Augustan Peace)
Mosaic in Church of Constantia	Mosaic in the Mausoleum of St. Constanza (360 AD) Used on the ceiling (APSE) -Peacocks: eternal life -birds: Christian Soul: lightest animal -fruits: Christ is the fruit of salvation -grapes: wine : eucharist -pinecones: redemption resurrection, new life -spoons: used during eucharisy -Putti busy: making wine (taken from vineyard) -three guys: holy trinity -portrait of constanza
Augustus as a Priest	From via labicana, Rome First century AD Marble Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Rome Prima Porta Pontifex maximus: high priest

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Arch of Constantine	312-315 AD put up to honor Constantine and power over Maxentius largest to be ever erected Refliefs taken from earlier monuments of Trojan, Hadrian, and Marcus Aurelius Not only decline of sculptural activity, but as a result of imperial propaganda associating Constantine to the good emperors. lack of highly skilled artisans at 4th century rome had not been centre of government
Column of Trajan	Denube Personification (river) to fight the Dacians Low relief Landscape Trajan is always in profile (like the coin), he is always a little bigger too. Crowds background Analythical, factual reporting Fluidity of lines naturalistic 112-113 AD Bronze statue of Trajan at top (then)- St. Peters 16th century now on top served several functions: remember the height of the dug away hill showcase of T’s exploits Tomb of his ashes
Column of Marcus Aurelius	Column of Marcus Aurelius (colonna Antonina) 181 AD; column was built to commemorate the victory after the Denubians the miracle of the rain (Romans were able to defeat their enemies thanks to rain) destruction of a native village Attack on a native fortification TESTUDO turtle
Apotheosis of Antonius the Pius and Faustina	Apotheosis of Antoninus and Faustina Base of the Column of Antoninus Pius, Rome 161 AD Musei Vaticani Marble pedestal, red granite shaft, bronze statue Classical symbolism, classical style, Winged genius, emperor and his wife ascend to heaven while Rome and glory wave them farewell Genius: between an angel and an entity that supervises certain activities (genius of death, war, peace) Snake is animal of underworld/everlasting life (Snake eating itself: Ourobows)

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Trajan Bust	Cold Naked Power Portrait Bust of Trajan. 98-117 AD London, British Museum Heroic nudity Augustan portraiture as a model Coldness, remoteness of a superhuman being Not completely frontal
Commodus as Hercules	Lion Apples Club Representation of shield with a gorgons head, two cornucopias and celestial globe 191 AD Rome, Palazzo dei Conservatori
Basilica of Constantine	Beginning of the 4th century Michael Angelo took this as model for St. Peters Basilica Basilica Nova, Maxentius and Constantine (306-313 AD) Broad nave covered by 3 cross-vaults Cross-vaults sprang at the level of the top of the barrel-vaults Vaults were originally decorated with deeply sunken coffers. Columns have no structural function
Arch of Titus	Sacking of the Jewish Temple Arch of Titus, AD 81 Celebrates the capture of Jerusalem in 70 AD Arrival of emperor

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The Four Tetrads making an alliance	305 AD Two Augustan rulers Two Caesar Rulers Different location and duties To make Roman Empire more solid (no gaps) Porphyri : purple marble
Antonius the Pius	140-150 AD Rome Bowdoin College Museum of Fine Arts, Brunswick, Maine Nicknamed Pious- he was very religious Good character; the people liked him a lot Soft chubby faces, curls, (kind of) idealization (a good amount)
Theater of Marcellus	Rome Nephew of Augustus (Marcellus) Used as model for the Colosseum Theater of Marcellus Commissioned by JC to rival theater of Pompey Built and Dedicated by Augustus 17-11 BC The Theatre of Marcellus (Latin: Theatrum Marcelli, Italian: Teatro di Marcello) is an ancient open-air theatre built in the closing years of the Roman Republic. in 12 BC by Augustus.[1]
Vespasian	Promoter of Colosseum Determinded, strong, Wrinkles, Few teeth Portrait of Vespasian: 75 AD Unknown Artist (all you need is bread and entertainment) Very Realistic: many wrinkles, big nose, balding, loss his teeth Imperial Portraits: one is the Official Version (needs to be exhibited in basilica, forum- idealistic) and the other is Private Version (people who knew him)

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Romans battling barbarians sarcophagus: Ludovisi Collection	Marcus Aurelius-esque but much more clutter AD 250 Rome, Museo di Palazzo Altemps Deeply cut, Most beautiful Victorious General (his glory is everlasting) Extremely detailed Man playing trumpet (his cheeks are full blowing) Detail of dresses and curly hair Lack of space (Horror Vacui)
Detail of Arch of Septimius Severus	Triumph over Arabs197-203 AD (203 AD) Roman Forum Representations of Victories fill the spandrels of the central arch and river gods occupy the spandrels of the side arches; small boys representing the four seasons stand just below. The flying victories, carrying trophies on long sticks, are descendants of those on the Arch of Titus, but the effect body, drapery, and wings is becoming less gently modeled in the old classical style, and rather more harsh and linear.
Portrait of Septimius and Julia Donne (imperial family)	199 AD Septimius, Julia Domna, Caracalla and Geta (Geta destroyed) Painted on Wood In Berlin museum
Caracalla	Early to mid-third century AD Marble Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Shows his personality (determination and power) Caracalla killed Geta. He wanted to be the only emperor

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Colossal Statue of Constantine	Body in wood, extremities in marble Frontal presentation Eyes look to heaven (and finger points to heaven) The Colossus of Constantine was a colossal acrolithic statue of Constantine the Great (c. 280–337) that once occupied the west apse of the Basilica of Maxentius in the Forum Romanum in Rome. Portions of the Colossus now reside in the Courtyard of the Palazzo dei Conservatori of the Musei Capitolini, on the Capitoline Hill, above the west end of the Forum.
Baptistery of Saint John Lateran	Bricks: Opus Patericium 338 AD Rome, San Giovanni in Laterano, Baptistery 330 Ca. Octagonal plan Brick faceting Double series of columns in the interior Stay isolated from church since those who are not baptized could not enter a church. Opus lasceritum 8: 8th day resurrection: judgement day (7 days of creation) walking baptism
Constantia Sarcophagus porphyry	Putti pressing wine, picking up grapes Mid 4th century AD Rome, Vatican 350 ca. Putti (winged babies, pushing grapes (wine)) Peacocks were believed to have flesh that doesn’t rot after death
Sarcophagus showing stories from the Old and New Testament	Junius Bassus Sarcophagus 359 AD, Rome, Vatican general theme: redemption of humanity from sin= Adam and eve 2 registers of 5 compartments framed by columns NO representation of deceased Borrows patterns from imperial Iconography St. Peter's Grottoes, 359 AD Jesus giving Peter and Paul the scrolls: TRADITIO LEGIS

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