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Universities » Southern Illinois University-Edw.. » ART - Art and Design » 111 - Introduction to Art » Flash Cards

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Class:ART 111 - Introduction to Art
Subject:Art and Design
University:Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
Term:Spring 2010
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PREHISTORIC ART It is the most speculative of all the eras in history because: 1) Little has survived and 2) No written record to support the visual record
Hunting ritual Early cave paintings of animals
Sympathetic Magic by painting an image of the target animal on a wall and if you capture it in the painting on the wall then you capture it in real life
Megaliths large stone monuments. ex. stonehenge, tombs
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Fertility Figures Objects used to help women in a tribe, group or family to bear more children
MESOPOTAMIAN ART Modern day Iran and Iraq
Sumerians First to invent system of writing
Ziggurat religious building they built
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Hierarchy of scale The bigger a person was in the painting the more important they were
Pictograms Symbols used for writing language
EGYPTIAN ART 3 Aspects/Characteristics of Egyptian Art 1) Linked to Religion 2) Focused on Death 3) Strict conventionalism (conventionalism- one style for one figure with very little change)
Pyramid tombs for pharoh's and their family
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Ka Life force that moves with the bod in life and lives on after death, but must have something to live in
Akhenaten credited for the idea of monotheism; during his reign at became more naturalistic
Tutankhamen young when reigned and he died young.
Monotheism the belief that only one God exists.
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Greek Art Has a legacy that lived on until present time unlike Egyptian Art. Basis of Classical Art (along with Romans) and “Western Civilization”.
4 Characteristics of Greek Art: 1) Belief in Nobility of Man 2) Rationalism (world/life is understandable) 3) Art is Naturalistic 4) Life is Worth Living
4 Periods of Greek Art: 1) Geometric- art was filled with geometric figures 2) Archaic- art starts to become more realistic 3) Classical- much more realistic detail in art 4) Hellenistic- shows more emotion in the face of the figures and shows the extremes of the human body
Contrapossto Pose When standing the weight of our body is shifted to one leg and the other is bent, causing your hips to turn, pose shows the body in a natural standing pose
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ldealism portraying the ideal human form
Humanism portraying the actual human form
3 Orders of Architecture: 1) Doric- simple square capital, usually has no base on column 2) Ionic- scroll shape capital, has a base on bottom of the column 3) Corinthian- leaf like capital, has a base on bottom of the column
Roman Art Romans assimilated and copied Greek ideas and art. Greatest contribution in terms of Architecture. Art like the Greeks focused on naturalism.
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Patricians wealthy/noble class
Plebians lower classes
Equestrian Sculpture portrait of an important person posed on a horse
2 Periods of Early Christian Art 1) Period of Persecution 2) Period of Recognition
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Byzantine Art The eastern part of the Roman Empire that remained after the fall of Rome. Art focuses on Spiritual not naturalism.
Mosaics wall covered grout, before it dries push colored pieces of stone or tile to create an image
Middle Ages Art continues to focus on Spiritual and the afterlife and not the natural world.
3 Characteristics of Middle Ages: 1) An Age of Ignorance 2) No longer ruled by logic and reason 3) World is no longer a “good place”
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Romanesque Style Romanesque Style fguhruoghrlhrltb.kengvlirhtp4;jfme.knd.kfheilhflehfliehr4lkrnfkheitritjrighrihtoith4ilthiohtihtnrkfhioerilhrnle4dthfvfjhgdushfkdb,jfhgfhgkdbvldhfl.skfndbjdlgdhgkn.dghlfkhnlvk Architecture based on Roman building forms (Arches and barrel vaults)
Gothic Style Architecture focused on verticality and light.
Pointed Arch cut the voussoir wedge shaped stone stacked on post
Catacombs underground burial sites, primarily used by the Jews and Christians
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Basilicas front of forum used as storage, meeting places, also for courthouses
Iconography branch of art history which studies the identification, description, and the interpretation of the content of images.
RENAISSANCE A “rebirth” of the ideas and styles of Classicism (Greeks and Romans) Art focuses on humans again and becomes more naturalistic. Changes take place in Italy and Northern Europe first. 5 Characteristics of Renaissance: 1) Optimism 2) Humanism 3) Revival of classical themes and subjects 4) Rationalism 5) Rise in status of artist
Linear Perspective have to establish a horizon line consistant with eye level and at least one vanishing point
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Leonardo Da Vinci not only a great artist, but also a genius in many other fields. most of his sketches were never built.
Michelangelo loved to sculpt. argued with Da Vinci about which form of art was better. finished a lot more things than Da Vinci, but still left a lot of things unfinished.
Northern Renaissance Art will focus more on depicting the illusion of the surface reality of objects versus the Italian Renaissance that will focus more on depicting real illusion of 3 –D space.
Dualism if god created the world then the world is connected to god.so since god is good everything must look good and real, by filling works of art with symbolism that is connected to god. Symbolism connects the materialistic items to god
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Baroque Art Continuation of classicism of Renaissance with a focus on invention, drama, innovation. Fueled by the Reformation and the Counter Reformation.
4 Characteristics of Baroque Art: 1) Motion and Space 2) Concept of Time 3) Dramatic Use of Light 4) Theatricality
Genre Scenes Genre works, also called genre scenes or genre views, are pictorial representations in any of various media that represent scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, and street scenes.
Info Late in Baroque emergence of two artist who will set up a dichotomy of styles. Rubens will focus on: Vibrant brushwork and color, Dramatic compositions, emotional subject matter. Poussin will focus on: Balance, Order, Harmony, Emotional restraint and line (A more Classical approach)
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Rococo Art Art of the French Aristocracy. Will focus on their opulent lifestyle.
4 Characteristics of Rococo Art: 1) Frivolous subject matter 2) Delicate Brushwork 3) Pastel colors 4) Ornate
Neoclassicism - Return to a more classical style in the mode of Poussin as a rejection of the Rococo style. Focused on harmony, order, restrained emotion and color and line. Beginning of “Modernism”
Planar Recession Emphasizing the flatness of the canvas
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David by putting everything in the foreground of the canvas, moves more towards abstract work
Romanticism Focused on emotions as path to truth over intellect. Also focused on exotic subject matter and themes including the struggle of man against nature.
5 Characteristics of Romanticism: 1) Loose fluid brushwork 2) Strong color 3) Complex Compositions 4) Expressive poses 5) Dramatic, emotional subject matter
Sublime where people realize when man confronts nature you see how little control you have
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Realism Believed art should reflect the immediate experiences of the artist not myth, spiritual, tradition. Based on ideas fueled by Industrial Revolution and the Enlightenment.
Courbet big first realist artist
Manet Transitional figure between Realism and Impressionism
Empiricism Based on scientific method, belief that all knowledge comes from direct experiences
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Impressionism Takes Realism to logical extreme by depicting images that reflect what is happening immediately in front of the artist’s eye at a single given moment.
Monet leader of impressionist movement. He was interested in how colors effect each other.
Post-Impressionism Will take the ideas and techniques of Impressionism in two different directions: 1) Analytical approach (Seurat and Cezanne) and Expressive approach (Van Gogh, Toulouse-Lautrec/Gauguin)
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 PREHISTORIC ART It is the most speculative of all the eras in history because:
1) Little has survived and
2) No written record to support the visual record
 Hunting ritual Early cave paintings of animals
 Sympathetic Magicby painting an image of the target animal on a wall and if you capture it in the painting on the wall then you capture it in real life
 Megalithslarge stone monuments. ex. stonehenge, tombs
 Fertility FiguresObjects used to help women in a tribe, group or family to bear more children
 MESOPOTAMIAN ART Modern day Iran and Iraq
 SumeriansFirst to invent system of writing
 Zigguratreligious building they built
 Hierarchy of scaleThe bigger a person was in the painting the more important they were
 PictogramsSymbols used for writing language
 EGYPTIAN ART 3 Aspects/Characteristics of Egyptian Art1) Linked to Religion
2) Focused on Death
3) Strict conventionalism (conventionalism- one style for one figure with very little change)
 Pyramidtombs for pharoh's and their family
 KaLife force that moves with the bod in life and lives on after death, but must have something to live in
 Akhenatencredited for the idea of monotheism; during his reign at became more naturalistic
 Tutankhamenyoung when reigned and he died young.
 Monotheismthe belief that only one God exists.
 Greek ArtHas a legacy that lived on until present time unlike Egyptian Art. Basis of Classical Art (along with Romans) and “Western Civilization”.
 4 Characteristics of Greek Art:1) Belief in Nobility of Man
2) Rationalism (world/life is understandable)
3) Art is Naturalistic
4) Life is Worth Living
 4 Periods of Greek Art:1) Geometric- art was filled with geometric figures
2) Archaic- art starts to become more realistic
3) Classical- much more realistic detail in art
4) Hellenistic- shows more emotion in the face of the figures and shows the extremes of the human body
 Contrapossto PoseWhen standing the weight of our body is shifted to one leg and the other is bent, causing your hips to turn, pose shows the body in a natural standing pose
 ldealismportraying the ideal human form
 Humanismportraying the actual human form
 3 Orders of Architecture: 1) Doric- simple square capital, usually has no base on column
2) Ionic- scroll shape capital, has a base on bottom of the column
3) Corinthian- leaf like capital, has a base on bottom of the column
 Roman ArtRomans assimilated and copied Greek ideas and art. Greatest contribution in terms of Architecture. Art like the Greeks focused on naturalism.
 Patricianswealthy/noble class
 Plebianslower classes
 Equestrian Sculptureportrait of an important person posed on a horse
 2 Periods of Early Christian Art1) Period of Persecution
2) Period of Recognition
 Byzantine ArtThe eastern part of the Roman Empire that remained after the fall of Rome. Art focuses on Spiritual not naturalism.
 Mosaicswall covered grout, before it dries push colored pieces of stone or tile to create an image
 Middle AgesArt continues to focus on Spiritual and the afterlife and not the natural world.
 3 Characteristics of Middle Ages:1) An Age of Ignorance
2) No longer ruled by logic and reason
3) World is no longer a “good place”
 Romanesque Style Romanesque Style fguhruoghrlhrltb.kengvlirhtp4;jfme.knd.kfheilhflehfliehr4lkrnfkheitritjrighrihtoith4ilthiohtihtnrkfhioerilhrnle4dthfvfjhgdushfkdb,jfhgfhgkdbvldhfl.skfndbjdlgdhgkn.dghlfkhnlvk Architecture based on Roman building forms (Arches and barrel vaults)
 Gothic StyleArchitecture focused on verticality and light.
 Pointed Arch cut the voussoir wedge shaped stone stacked on post
 Catacombs underground burial sites, primarily used by the Jews and Christians
 Basilicasfront of forum used as storage, meeting places, also for courthouses
 Iconographybranch of art history which studies the identification, description, and the interpretation of the content of images.
 RENAISSANCEA “rebirth” of the ideas and styles of Classicism (Greeks and Romans) Art focuses on humans again and becomes more naturalistic. Changes take place in Italy and Northern Europe first.
5 Characteristics of Renaissance:
1) Optimism
2) Humanism
3) Revival of classical themes and subjects
4) Rationalism
5) Rise in status of artist
 Linear Perspectivehave to establish a horizon line consistant with eye level and at least one vanishing point
 Leonardo Da Vincinot only a great artist, but also a genius in many other fields. most of his sketches were never built.
 Michelangeloloved to sculpt. argued with Da Vinci about which form of art was better. finished a lot more things than Da Vinci, but still left a lot of things unfinished.
 Northern RenaissanceArt will focus more on depicting the illusion of the surface reality of objects versus the Italian Renaissance that will focus more on depicting real illusion of 3 –D space.
 Dualismif god created the world then the world is connected to god.so since god is good everything must look good and real, by filling works of art with symbolism that is connected to god. Symbolism connects the materialistic items to god
 Baroque ArtContinuation of classicism of Renaissance with a focus on invention, drama, innovation. Fueled by the Reformation and the Counter Reformation.
 4 Characteristics of Baroque Art:1) Motion and Space
2) Concept of Time
3) Dramatic Use of Light
4) Theatricality
 Genre Scenes Genre works, also called genre scenes or genre views, are pictorial representations in any of various media that represent scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, and street scenes.
 InfoLate in Baroque emergence of two artist who will set up a dichotomy of styles. Rubens will focus on: Vibrant brushwork and color, Dramatic compositions, emotional subject matter. Poussin will focus on: Balance, Order, Harmony, Emotional restraint and line (A more Classical approach)
 Rococo Art Art of the French Aristocracy. Will focus on their opulent lifestyle.
 4 Characteristics of Rococo Art: 1) Frivolous subject matter
2) Delicate Brushwork
3) Pastel colors
4) Ornate
 Neoclassicism -Return to a more classical style in the mode of Poussin as a rejection of the Rococo style. Focused on harmony, order, restrained emotion and color and line. Beginning of “Modernism”
 Planar Recession Emphasizing the flatness of the canvas
 Davidby putting everything in the foreground of the canvas, moves more towards abstract work
 RomanticismFocused on emotions as path to truth over intellect. Also focused on exotic subject matter and themes including the struggle of man against nature.
 5 Characteristics of Romanticism: 1) Loose fluid brushwork
2) Strong color
3) Complex Compositions
4) Expressive poses
5) Dramatic, emotional subject matter
 Sublimewhere people realize when man confronts nature you see how little control you have
 RealismBelieved art should reflect the immediate experiences of the artist not myth, spiritual, tradition. Based on ideas fueled by Industrial Revolution and the Enlightenment.
 Courbet big first realist artist
 ManetTransitional figure between Realism and Impressionism
 EmpiricismBased on scientific method, belief that all knowledge comes from direct experiences
 ImpressionismTakes Realism to logical extreme by depicting images that reflect what is happening immediately in front of the artist’s eye at a single given moment.
 Monet leader of impressionist movement. He was interested in how colors effect each other.
 Post-ImpressionismWill take the ideas and techniques of Impressionism in two different directions: 1) Analytical approach (Seurat and Cezanne) and Expressive approach (Van Gogh, Toulouse-Lautrec/Gauguin)
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