Biology Lab midterm 2011 - Flashcards

« Previous card

Next card »

INCORRECT CORRECT

Click Card to flip

Which of the following is a null hypothesis?

A) Hybrid electric cars and purse gasoline- burning cards have different fuel efficiencies

B) There is no difference in the fuel efficiencies of hybrid cars and pure gasoline burning cars

C) Hybrid electric cars are less fuel efficient than pure gasoline burning cars

D) Pure gasoline-burning cars are less fuel efficient than hybrid electric cars.

Click Card to flip

An independend T-test is designed to show whether there is a significant difference between the _______ of two independent samples, those of your treatment and control groups

A) means

B) Variances

C) Standard Deviation

D) Range

Click Card to flip

What does standard deviation measure?

A) THE CENTRAL TENDENCY OF THE DATA

B) THE RANGE OF THE VALUES OF THE DATA

C) THE AVERAGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MEAN AND THE MEDIAN

D) THE DISPERSION OF VALUES AROUND THE MEAN

Click Card to flip

WHICH IS NOT A STEP IN THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD?

A) MAKE OBSERVATIONS

B) ELIMINATE SOURCES OF VARIATION

C) DESIGN AN EXPERIMENT

D) DRAW CONCLUSIONS

Click Card to flip

YOU DISCOVER THAT BRAIN VOLUME OF HUMAN AND MONKEY ARE DIFFERENT. WHAT TYPE OF DATA ( BRAIN VOLUME) IS THIS?

A) ATTRIBUTE DATA

B) DISCREET NUMERICAL DATA

C) CONTINUOUS NUMERICAL DATA

Click Card to flip

Discreet numerical data

Does not continue on and on, is a simple number that can be calculated and have a precise answer

Click Card to flip

Continuous numerical data

Data that can be calculated but does not give you an easy/exact answer, it is usually a decimal or continuous number.

Click Card to flip

WHAT DATA TYPE IS THIS: BLOOD TYPES FOR OUR LAB STUDENTS?

A) attribute data

B) Discreet numerical data

C) continuous numerical data

Click Card to flip

In the marble measuring exercise of Lab 2 ( in which you measrued the volume of marbles with 2 different techniques), you used a _________ to compare your two groups.

a) independent sample t-test

b) paired sample t-test

c) frequency distribution

d) binomial theorem

Click Card to flip

Paired sample t-test

A t-test is any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic follows a Student's t distribution if the null hypothesis is supported.

SAME MARBLE, DIFFERENT METHOD

Click Card to flip

What are the degrees of freedom for an independent two-sample t-test with size EQUAL 10 for each group?

A) 10

B) 2

C) 18 ---> ( 10-1)(10-1)

D) 20 

Click Card to flip

Which of the following 2 data sets ( A and B) would you expect to have the greater variance & standard deviation? Both have a mean of 10

A) 2, 3, 10, 17, 18

B) 7, 9, 10, 11, 13

C) Both are the same

D) cannot be determined from the information given

Click Card to flip

The probability of getting either a five or a six in one roll

A) 1/2

B) 1/3

C) 1/6

D) 1/4

Click Card to flip

The units for reaction rate in the enzyme lab were

A) mL O2/Second

B) mm O2/Second

C) mm O2

Click Card to flip

All of the following are recommendations for preparing an effective power poing except:

a) keep your text simple

b) chose a singe background for the entire presentation

c) read from your slides

d) practice your presentation

e) avoid using special effects

Click Card to flip

If both anti-A and anti-B sera will cause coagulation with Mr. Brown's blood, Mr. Brown's blood type is?

A) TYPE B

B) TYPE A

C) TYPE O

D) TYPE AB

Click Card to flip

A PERSON WITH BLOOD TYPE A IS ABLE TO RECEIVE

A) BLOOD TYPE B

B) BLOOD TYPE A

C) BLOOD TYPE AB

D) BLOOD TYPE O

E) BOTH B AND D

Click Card to flip

WHAT TERM BEST DESCRIBES THE FOLLOWING TRAITS: HITCH HIKERS THUMB, FRECKLES, TOUNGE ROLLING AND ABILITY TO TASTE PTC?

A) SEX LINKED TRAITS

B) AUTOSOMAL TRAITS

C) DOMINANT ALLELES

D) RECESSIVE ALLELES

Click Card to flip

in roses, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p) and flower colo is inherited as an autosomal trait what phenotypes would you expect to result from a cross of a homozygous purple individual with a white individual?

a) 100% purple

b) 50% purple and 50% white

c) 75% purple and 25% white

d) 100% white

Click Card to flip

in roses, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p) and flower colo is inherited as an autosomal trait What genotypes do you expect to result from a cross of two heterozygotes?

A) 50% Pp and 50% PP

B) 50% Pp and 50% pp

C) 50% PP, 25% Pp and 25% pp

D) 25% PP, 50% Pp and 25% pp

Click Card to flip

in roses, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p) and flower colo is inherited as an autosomal trait What phenotypes do you expect to result from a cross between two heterozygotes?

A) 50% purple and 50% white

B) 75% purple and 25% white

C) 100% purple

D) 75% white and 25% purple

Click Card to flip

In lizards, black coloration (B) is dominant to blue coloration (b) and the heterozygous "striped" condition is exhibited only by FEMALES. The alleles B and b are sex linked What kinds of offspring would you expect from the cross of a blue males with a black female?

A) 50% black females and 50% black males

B) 50% striped females and 50% black males

C) 25% striped females, 25% black females and 50% black males

D) 25% striped females, 25% black females, and 50% blue males

Click Card to flip

The offspring are 50% striped females and 50% blue males, what are the only possibilities for the parent genotypes?

A) black males and striped females

B) Black make and blue female

C) blue male and black female

D) black male and black female

Click Card to flip

For my research, I would like to study f the "freshman fifteen" ( a weight gain of 15 lbs thought to occur in college freshman) is a reality of a myth. To do this, I will ask 5 freshman their weight when they arrive at UM in August, and then I will weigh them again in May at the completion of their first year. My null hypothesis is that freshmen weigh less in August than in the following May. I will do some kind of statistics, that will allow me to conclude whether or not the cafeteria food is loaded with fat

Joes null hypothesis is incorrect. What he claims to be a null hypothesis is actually?

a) 1-tailed alternative hypothesis

b) 2-tailed alternative hypothesis

c) mere speculation

d) none of the above

What would be an appropriate null hypothesis for joe's research?

a) There is a difference in the weights of freshman before and after one year of college

b) there is no difference in the weights of August and May

c) there is no difference in nutritional content of the dining hall food and mom/dad's home cooked meals

d) there is no difference in the weights of freshman before and after one year of college

Joe claims that he will do " some kind of statistics". What do you suggest he do?

a) paired t-test

b) independent t-test

c) graphs of weight gain

d) all of the above

Click Card to flip

Paired t-test

SAME PERSON, DIFFERENT METHODS.

Dependent samples (or "paired") t-tests typically consist of a sample of matched pairs of similar units, or one group of units that has been tested twice (a "repeated measures" t-test). A typical example of the repeated measures t-test would be where subjects are tested prior to a treatment, say for high blood pressure, and the same subjects are tested again after treatment with a blood-pressure lowering medication.

Click Card to flip

Independent T-test

DIFFERENT PEOPLE, SAME METHOD

The unpaired, or "independent samples" t-test is used when two separate sets of independent and identically distributed samples are obtained, one from each of the two populations being compared. For example, suppose we are evaluating the effect of a medical treatment, and we enroll 100 subjects into our study, then randomize 50 subjects to the treatment group and 50 subjects to the control group. In this case, we have two independent samples and would use the unpaired form of the t-test. The randomization is not essential here—if we contacted 100 people by phone and obtained each person's age and gender, and then used a two-sample t-test to see whether the mean ages differ by gender, this would also be an independent sampled t-test, even though the data are observational.

Click Card to flip

A toxic byproduct of aerobic metabolism in cells

Hydrogen Peroxide

Click Card to flip

Increases the rate of reaction without being consumed

Enzyme

Click Card to flip

Maintains a constant pH in a solution

Buffer

Click Card to flip

Substance upon which an enzyme operates

Substrate

Click Card to flip

Is a special class of proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in biological systems

Catalyst

Click Card to flip

A unit of inheritance

Gene

Click Card to flip

A gene is a unit of inheritance. Located on the_______, a gene is a specific sequence of DNA nucleotides that encodes the production of a specific polypeptide

CHROMOSOME

Click Card to flip

The location of a gene on a chromosome is known as its_____.

LOCUS

Click Card to flip

Different forms of the same gene may exist, and every_______ individual has two copies of each gene.

DIPLOID

Click Card to flip

A form which masks the expression as a different form is said to be a___1___, whereas the form which is masked is said to be _____2_____.

1) DOMINANT 

2) RECESSIVE

Click Card to flip

Such different forms of the same gene are known as________ of the gene

ALLELES

Click Card to flip

Each set of chromosomes in any organism contains a complete copy of the________, all the genes that allow the organism ro develop and function.

1) GENOME

Click Card to flip

The physical appearance of an organism, which is determined by the __1____( often interacting with environmental factors) is known as the___2____.

1) GENOTYPE 

2) PHENOTYPE

Click Card to flip

MEAN

Add total numbers of data and divide by the number of data items

Click Card to flip

Median

The middle value in a set. To find the median, arrange the numbers from least to greatest and eliminate one number from each side until you reach the middle term. If you have an even number of terms in a data set, add the final 2 middle terms together and divide by two.

Click Card to flip

MODE

The most common value in a data set. Find the number that occurs the most often.

Click Card to flip

Range

Difference between the highest and lowest values in the set. Values MUST be arranged from LOWEST to HIGHEST.

take last number and subtract the lowest number.

Click Card to flip

One-tailed ( directional)

stating the precise way in which two populations will differ

Click Card to flip

Two tailed ( non directional)

not specifying the way in which two populations will differ.

Click Card to flip

PROBABILITIES

P=a/n

a= number of occurences of the event in question

n= total number of chances a particular result has to occur

Click Card to flip

wild type allele

the most commonly found/expressed allele in a population

Click Card to flip

Haploid

haploid cells have one copy of the genome

Click Card to flip

Diploid

two complete copies of the genome

Click Card to flip

Genotype

Genetic makeup
The genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism for a particular trait

Click Card to flip

Phenotype

The PHYSICAL appearance/makeup of a trait

Click Card to flip

Ploidy

term used to describe the number of genome copies in a cells nuclues.

Click Card to flip

Mutant allele

any allele that is changed ( mutated) from wold type

Click Card to flip

Monogenic trait

Trait controlled by only one gene ( e.g tongue rolling)

Click Card to flip

Polygenic trait

trait controlled by many different genes ( e.g human stature/height)

Click Card to flip

Antigen

a foregin substance that stimulates an immune response in an organism whose body it enters

Click Card to flip

Antibody

A protein produced by the organism to bind to the antigen and help aid the immune system in destroying it

Click Card to flip

Anti-A serum

if blood cells stick together when mixed with anti-A serum, you have Type A blood.

Click Card to flip

Anti-B serum

If blood cells stick together when mixed with Anti-B serum, you have type B blood

Click Card to flip

Type O blood

If blood doesnt bind with neither Anti a- nor Ani-B, you have type O blood.

UNIVERSAL DONER

Click Card to flip

AB blood type

UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT

Click Card to flip

Which of the following is best about using strong inference in the scientific method?

It follows Deductive reasoning

Click Card to flip

Inductive reasoning ( BOTTOM UP)

Specific to General

Click Card to flip

Deductive reasoning (TOP DOWN)

Click Card to flip

What are the degrees of freedom for an independent TWO-Sample t-test with sample size equal to 35 for each group?

68---> ( n1-1)+ (n2-1)---> (35-1)+(35-1) = 68

Click Card to flip

You discover that hurricane has negative effects on tree hight after ou have measured 100 trees before and after a hurricane. What type of data ( tree height) is this?

CONTINUOUS NUMERICAL DATA

Click Card to flip

What is the probability of getting two tails in two consecutive coin tosses?

1 out of 4

      Mode:   CARDS LIST       ? pages   PRINT EXIT

Which of the following is a null hypothesis?	A) Hybrid electric cars and purse gasoline- burning cards have different fuel efficiencies B) There is no difference in the fuel efficiencies of hybrid cars and pure gasoline burning cars C) Hybrid electric cars are less fuel efficient than pure gasoline burning cars D) Pure gasoline-burning cars are less fuel efficient than hybrid electric cars.
An independend T-test is designed to show whether there is a significant difference between the _______ of two independent samples, those of your treatment and control groups	A) means B) Variances C) Standard Deviation D) Range
What does standard deviation measure?	A) THE CENTRAL TENDENCY OF THE DATA B) THE RANGE OF THE VALUES OF THE DATA C) THE AVERAGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MEAN AND THE MEDIAN D) THE DISPERSION OF VALUES AROUND THE MEAN
WHICH IS NOT A STEP IN THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD?	A) MAKE OBSERVATIONS B) ELIMINATE SOURCES OF VARIATION C) DESIGN AN EXPERIMENT D) DRAW CONCLUSIONS

Generated by Koofers.com

YOU DISCOVER THAT BRAIN VOLUME OF HUMAN AND MONKEY ARE DIFFERENT. WHAT TYPE OF DATA ( BRAIN VOLUME) IS THIS?	A) ATTRIBUTE DATA B) DISCREET NUMERICAL DATA C) CONTINUOUS NUMERICAL DATA
Discreet numerical data	Does not continue on and on, is a simple number that can be calculated and have a precise answer
Continuous numerical data	Data that can be calculated but does not give you an easy/exact answer, it is usually a decimal or continuous number.
WHAT DATA TYPE IS THIS: BLOOD TYPES FOR OUR LAB STUDENTS?	A) attribute data B) Discreet numerical data C) continuous numerical data

Generated by Koofers.com

In the marble measuring exercise of Lab 2 ( in which you measrued the volume of marbles with 2 different techniques), you used a _________ to compare your two groups.	a) independent sample t-test b) paired sample t-test c) frequency distribution d) binomial theorem
Paired sample t-test	A t-test is any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic follows a Student's t distribution if the null hypothesis is supported. SAME MARBLE, DIFFERENT METHOD
What are the degrees of freedom for an independent two-sample t-test with size EQUAL 10 for each group?	A) 10 B) 2 C) 18 ---> ( 10-1)(10-1) D) 20
Which of the following 2 data sets ( A and B) would you expect to have the greater variance & standard deviation? Both have a mean of 10	A) 2, 3, 10, 17, 18 B) 7, 9, 10, 11, 13 C) Both are the same D) cannot be determined from the information given

Generated by Koofers.com

The probability of getting either a five or a six in one roll	A) 1/2 B) 1/3 C) 1/6 D) 1/4
The units for reaction rate in the enzyme lab were	A) mL O2/Second B) mm O2/Second C) mm O2
All of the following are recommendations for preparing an effective power poing except:	a) keep your text simple b) chose a singe background for the entire presentation c) read from your slides d) practice your presentation e) avoid using special effects
If both anti-A and anti-B sera will cause coagulation with Mr. Brown's blood, Mr. Brown's blood type is?	A) TYPE B B) TYPE A C) TYPE O D) TYPE AB

Generated by Koofers.com

A PERSON WITH BLOOD TYPE A IS ABLE TO RECEIVE	A) BLOOD TYPE B B) BLOOD TYPE A C) BLOOD TYPE AB D) BLOOD TYPE O E) BOTH B AND D
WHAT TERM BEST DESCRIBES THE FOLLOWING TRAITS: HITCH HIKERS THUMB, FRECKLES, TOUNGE ROLLING AND ABILITY TO TASTE PTC?	A) SEX LINKED TRAITS B) AUTOSOMAL TRAITS C) DOMINANT ALLELES D) RECESSIVE ALLELES
in roses, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p) and flower colo is inherited as an autosomal trait what phenotypes would you expect to result from a cross of a homozygous purple individual with a white individual?	a) 100% purple b) 50% purple and 50% white c) 75% purple and 25% white d) 100% white
in roses, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p) and flower colo is inherited as an autosomal trait What genotypes do you expect to result from a cross of two heterozygotes?	A) 50% Pp and 50% PP B) 50% Pp and 50% pp C) 50% PP, 25% Pp and 25% pp D) 25% PP, 50% Pp and 25% pp

Generated by Koofers.com

in roses, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p) and flower colo is inherited as an autosomal trait What phenotypes do you expect to result from a cross between two heterozygotes?	A) 50% purple and 50% white B) 75% purple and 25% white C) 100% purple D) 75% white and 25% purple
In lizards, black coloration (B) is dominant to blue coloration (b) and the heterozygous "striped" condition is exhibited only by FEMALES. The alleles B and b are sex linked What kinds of offspring would you expect from the cross of a blue males with a black female?	A) 50% black females and 50% black males B) 50% striped females and 50% black males C) 25% striped females, 25% black females and 50% black males D) 25% striped females, 25% black females, and 50% blue males
The offspring are 50% striped females and 50% blue males, what are the only possibilities for the parent genotypes?	A) black males and striped females B) Black make and blue female C) blue male and black female D) black male and black female
For my research, I would like to study f the "freshman fifteen" ( a weight gain of 15 lbs thought to occur in college freshman) is a reality of a myth. To do this, I will ask 5 freshman their weight when they arrive at UM in August, and then I will weigh them again in May at the completion of their first year. My null hypothesis is that freshmen weigh less in August than in the following May. I will do some kind of statistics, that will allow me to conclude whether or not the cafeteria food is loaded with fat	Joes null hypothesis is incorrect. What he claims to be a null hypothesis is actually? a) 1-tailed alternative hypothesis b) 2-tailed alternative hypothesis c) mere speculation d) none of the above What would be an appropriate null hypothesis for joe's research? a) There is a difference in the weights of freshman before and after one year of college b) there is no difference in the weights of August and May c) there is no difference in nutritional content of the dining hall food and mom/dad's home cooked meals d) there is no difference in the weights of freshman before and after one year of college Joe claims that he will do " some kind of statistics". What do you suggest he do? a) paired t-test b) independent t-test c) graphs of weight gain d) all of the above

Generated by Koofers.com

Paired t-test	SAME PERSON, DIFFERENT METHODS. Dependent samples (or "paired") t-tests typically consist of a sample of matched pairs of similar units, or one group of units that has been tested twice (a "repeated measures" t-test). A typical example of the repeated measures t-test would be where subjects are tested prior to a treatment, say for high blood pressure, and the same subjects are tested again after treatment with a blood-pressure lowering medication.
Independent T-test	DIFFERENT PEOPLE, SAME METHOD The unpaired, or "independent samples" t-test is used when two separate sets of independent and identically distributed samples are obtained, one from each of the two populations being compared. For example, suppose we are evaluating the effect of a medical treatment, and we enroll 100 subjects into our study, then randomize 50 subjects to the treatment group and 50 subjects to the control group. In this case, we have two independent samples and would use the unpaired form of the t-test. The randomization is not essential here—if we contacted 100 people by phone and obtained each person's age and gender, and then used a two-sample t-test to see whether the mean ages differ by gender, this would also be an independent sampled t-test, even though the data are observational.
A toxic byproduct of aerobic metabolism in cells	Hydrogen Peroxide
Increases the rate of reaction without being consumed	Enzyme

Generated by Koofers.com

Maintains a constant pH in a solution	Buffer
Substance upon which an enzyme operates	Substrate
Is a special class of proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in biological systems	Catalyst
A unit of inheritance	Gene

Generated by Koofers.com

A gene is a unit of inheritance. Located on the_______, a gene is a specific sequence of DNA nucleotides that encodes the production of a specific polypeptide	CHROMOSOME
The location of a gene on a chromosome is known as its_____.	LOCUS
Different forms of the same gene may exist, and every_______ individual has two copies of each gene.	DIPLOID
A form which masks the expression as a different form is said to be a___1___, whereas the form which is masked is said to be _____2_____.	1) DOMINANT  2) RECESSIVE

Generated by Koofers.com

Such different forms of the same gene are known as________ of the gene	ALLELES
Each set of chromosomes in any organism contains a complete copy of the________, all the genes that allow the organism ro develop and function.	1) GENOME
The physical appearance of an organism, which is determined by the __1____( often interacting with environmental factors) is known as the___2____.	1) GENOTYPE  2) PHENOTYPE
MEAN	Add total numbers of data and divide by the number of data items

Generated by Koofers.com

Median	The middle value in a set. To find the median, arrange the numbers from least to greatest and eliminate one number from each side until you reach the middle term. If you have an even number of terms in a data set, add the final 2 middle terms together and divide by two.
MODE	The most common value in a data set. Find the number that occurs the most often.
Range	Difference between the highest and lowest values in the set. Values MUST be arranged from LOWEST to HIGHEST. take last number and subtract the lowest number.
One-tailed ( directional)	stating the precise way in which two populations will differ

Generated by Koofers.com

Two tailed ( non directional)	not specifying the way in which two populations will differ.
PROBABILITIES	P=a/n a= number of occurences of the event in question n= total number of chances a particular result has to occur
wild type allele	the most commonly found/expressed allele in a population
Haploid	haploid cells have one copy of the genome

Generated by Koofers.com

Diploid	two complete copies of the genome
Genotype	Genetic makeup The genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism for a particular trait
Phenotype	The PHYSICAL appearance/makeup of a trait
Ploidy	term used to describe the number of genome copies in a cells nuclues.

Generated by Koofers.com

Mutant allele	any allele that is changed ( mutated) from wold type
Monogenic trait	Trait controlled by only one gene ( e.g tongue rolling)
Polygenic trait	trait controlled by many different genes ( e.g human stature/height)
Antigen	a foregin substance that stimulates an immune response in an organism whose body it enters

Generated by Koofers.com

Antibody	A protein produced by the organism to bind to the antigen and help aid the immune system in destroying it
Anti-A serum	if blood cells stick together when mixed with anti-A serum, you have Type A blood.
Anti-B serum	If blood cells stick together when mixed with Anti-B serum, you have type B blood
Type O blood	If blood doesnt bind with neither Anti a- nor Ani-B, you have type O blood. UNIVERSAL DONER

Generated by Koofers.com

AB blood type	UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT
Which of the following is best about using strong inference in the scientific method?	It follows Deductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning ( BOTTOM UP)	Specific to General
Deductive reasoning (TOP DOWN)

Generated by Koofers.com

What are the degrees of freedom for an independent TWO-Sample t-test with sample size equal to 35 for each group?	68---> ( n1-1)+ (n2-1)---> (35-1)+(35-1) = 68
You discover that hurricane has negative effects on tree hight after ou have measured 100 trees before and after a hurricane. What type of data ( tree height) is this?	CONTINUOUS NUMERICAL DATA
What is the probability of getting two tails in two consecutive coin tosses?	1 out of 4

Generated by Koofers.com

© Copyright 2012 , Koofers, Inc. All rights reserved.

The information provided on this site is protected by U.S. and International copyright law, and other applicable intellectual property laws, including laws covering data access and data compilations. This information is provided exclusively for the personal and academic use of students, instructors and other university personnel. Use of this information for any commercial purpose, or by any commercial entity, is expressly prohibited. This information may not, under any circumstances, be copied, modified, reused, or incorporated into any derivative works or compilations, without the prior written approval of Koofers, Inc.