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Universities » University of California - San D.. » BIMM - Biology/Molec Biol, Micro.. » 118 - Pharmacology » Flash Cards

Drugs - Flashcards

Flashcard Deck Information

Class:	BIMM 118 - Pharmacology
Subject:	Biology/Molec Biol, Microbiol
University:	University of California - San Diego
Term:	Spring 2011

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pilocarpine

used to treat glaucoma

Pilocarpine is a parasympathomimetic alkaloid obtained from the leaves of tropical American shrubs from the genus Pilocarpus.

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muscarine

no therapeutic application

Muscarine, L-muscarine, or muscarin is a natural product found in certain mushrooms, particularly in Inocybe and Clitocybe species, such as the deadly C.

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physostigmine

calabar bean; west africa

Physostigmine is a parasympathomimetic alkaloid, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor.

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neostigmine

Neostigmine is a parasympathomimetic that acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

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edrophonium

used to diagnose myasthenia gravis

Edrophonium is a readily reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

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"horny goat weed"

acts as AcCh-esterase inhibitor

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irreversible inhibitors

no medical applications

organophosphates:

-insecticides

-nerve gas

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atropine

CNS-stiumlant

leaves were used as "asthma cigarettes"

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scopolamine

CNS-depressant

used to treat motion sickness (as patches)

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ipratropium

inhalation for asthma and bronchitis

Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic drug used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute asthma.

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pirenzepine

used for the treatment of peptic ulcers

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n-butyl-scopolamine

used to treat intestinal or menstrual cramps

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curare

Curare is a common name for various arrow poisons originating from South America.

active ingredient d-tubocurarine

death through respiratory paralysis

(not absorbed orally)

used clinically as muscle relaxant, but trigger histamine release (and consequently, low blood pressure)

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synthetic quaternary ammonium compounds

pancuronium (-ronium / -urium)

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succinyl-choline

"dimeric" acetylcholine

not hydrolyzed by AcCh-esterase

Suxamethonium chloride, also known as suxamethonium or succinylcholine, is a paralytic drug used to induce muscle relaxation and short-term paralysis, usually to facilitate tracheal intubation.

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ephedrine

Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine commonly used as a stimulant, appetite suppressant, concentration aid, decongestant, and to treat hypotension associated with anaesthesia.

displace norepinephrine in storage vesicles

found in many dietary supplements

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amphetamines

Substituted amphetamines are a chemical class of stimulants, entactogens, hallucinogens, and other drugs.

displace norepinephrine in storage vesicles (forced epinephrine release)

inhibit norepinephrine re-uptake and degradation by MAO

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methylphenidate

ritalin

treatment of ADD

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fenfluramine

appetite suppressant (now banned in USA)

combined with phentermine (FenPhen)

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methamphetamine/mdma

effectiveness decreases due to catecholamine depletion of vesicles

post-use depression

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epinephrine

activates both alpha and beta receptors

BP increase

dilate bronchii

potent vasopressor

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norepinephrine

activates mostly alpha receptors

very potent vasopressor

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methoxamine

treatment of hypotensive state

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phenylephrine

(local) vasoconstrictor

nasal decongestant (-zoline)

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clonidine

hypertension

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guanfacine

hypertension

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dobutamine

strong ionotropic effect

short-term treatment of impaired cardiac function after surgery

dobutamine stress test

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metaproterenol

-terenol / -terol

used to treat asthma

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alpha-1 selective antagonists

prazosin (-zosin)

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yohimbine

effects opposite of clonidine

increased sypathetic output

used in many weight loss products

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beta-selective antagonists

propanolol (-olol)

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pilocarpine	used to treat glaucoma Pilocarpine is a parasympathomimetic alkaloid obtained from the leaves of tropical American shrubs from the genus Pilocarpus.
muscarine	no therapeutic application Muscarine, L-muscarine, or muscarin is a natural product found in certain mushrooms, particularly in Inocybe and Clitocybe species, such as the deadly C.
physostigmine	calabar bean; west africa Physostigmine is a parasympathomimetic alkaloid, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor.
neostigmine	Neostigmine is a parasympathomimetic that acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

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edrophonium	used to diagnose myasthenia gravis Edrophonium is a readily reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
"horny goat weed"	acts as AcCh-esterase inhibitor
irreversible inhibitors	no medical applications organophosphates: -insecticides -nerve gas
atropine	CNS-stiumlant leaves were used as "asthma cigarettes"

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Koofers.com

scopolamine	CNS-depressant used to treat motion sickness (as patches)
ipratropium	inhalation for asthma and bronchitis Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic drug used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute asthma.
pirenzepine	used for the treatment of peptic ulcers
n-butyl-scopolamine	used to treat intestinal or menstrual cramps

Generated by

Koofers.com

curare	Curare is a common name for various arrow poisons originating from South America. active ingredient d-tubocurarine death through respiratory paralysis (not absorbed orally) used clinically as muscle relaxant, but trigger histamine release (and consequently, low blood pressure)
synthetic quaternary ammonium compounds	pancuronium (-ronium / -urium)
succinyl-choline	"dimeric" acetylcholine not hydrolyzed by AcCh-esterase Suxamethonium chloride, also known as suxamethonium or succinylcholine, is a paralytic drug used to induce muscle relaxation and short-term paralysis, usually to facilitate tracheal intubation.
ephedrine	Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine commonly used as a stimulant, appetite suppressant, concentration aid, decongestant, and to treat hypotension associated with anaesthesia. displace norepinephrine in storage vesicles found in many dietary supplements

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Koofers.com

amphetamines	Substituted amphetamines are a chemical class of stimulants, entactogens, hallucinogens, and other drugs. displace norepinephrine in storage vesicles (forced epinephrine release) inhibit norepinephrine re-uptake and degradation by MAO
methylphenidate	ritalin treatment of ADD
fenfluramine	appetite suppressant (now banned in USA) combined with phentermine (FenPhen)
methamphetamine/mdma	effectiveness decreases due to catecholamine depletion of vesicles post-use depression

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Koofers.com

epinephrine	activates both alpha and beta receptors BP increase dilate bronchii potent vasopressor
norepinephrine	activates mostly alpha receptors very potent vasopressor
methoxamine	treatment of hypotensive state
phenylephrine	(local) vasoconstrictor nasal decongestant (-zoline)

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clonidine	hypertension
guanfacine	hypertension
dobutamine	strong ionotropic effect short-term treatment of impaired cardiac function after surgery dobutamine stress test
metaproterenol	-terenol / -terol used to treat asthma

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alpha-1 selective antagonists	prazosin (-zosin)
yohimbine	effects opposite of clonidine increased sypathetic output used in many weight loss products
beta-selective antagonists	propanolol (-olol)

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	pilocarpine	used to treat glaucoma Pilocarpine is a parasympathomimetic alkaloid obtained from the leaves of tropical American shrubs from the genus Pilocarpus.
	muscarine	no therapeutic application Muscarine, L-muscarine, or muscarin is a natural product found in certain mushrooms, particularly in Inocybe and Clitocybe species, such as the deadly C.
	physostigmine	calabar bean; west africa Physostigmine is a parasympathomimetic alkaloid, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor.
	neostigmine	Neostigmine is a parasympathomimetic that acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
	edrophonium	used to diagnose myasthenia gravis Edrophonium is a readily reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
	"horny goat weed"	acts as AcCh-esterase inhibitor
	irreversible inhibitors	no medical applications organophosphates: -insecticides -nerve gas
	atropine	CNS-stiumlant leaves were used as "asthma cigarettes"
	scopolamine	CNS-depressant used to treat motion sickness (as patches)
	ipratropium	inhalation for asthma and bronchitis Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic drug used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute asthma.
	pirenzepine	used for the treatment of peptic ulcers
	n-butyl-scopolamine	used to treat intestinal or menstrual cramps
	curare	Curare is a common name for various arrow poisons originating from South America. active ingredient d-tubocurarine death through respiratory paralysis (not absorbed orally) used clinically as muscle relaxant, but trigger histamine release (and consequently, low blood pressure)
	synthetic quaternary ammonium compounds	pancuronium (-ronium / -urium)
	succinyl-choline	"dimeric" acetylcholine not hydrolyzed by AcCh-esterase Suxamethonium chloride, also known as suxamethonium or succinylcholine, is a paralytic drug used to induce muscle relaxation and short-term paralysis, usually to facilitate tracheal intubation.
	ephedrine	Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine commonly used as a stimulant, appetite suppressant, concentration aid, decongestant, and to treat hypotension associated with anaesthesia. displace norepinephrine in storage vesicles found in many dietary supplements
	amphetamines	Substituted amphetamines are a chemical class of stimulants, entactogens, hallucinogens, and other drugs. displace norepinephrine in storage vesicles (forced epinephrine release) inhibit norepinephrine re-uptake and degradation by MAO
	methylphenidate	ritalin treatment of ADD
	fenfluramine	appetite suppressant (now banned in USA) combined with phentermine (FenPhen)
	methamphetamine/mdma	effectiveness decreases due to catecholamine depletion of vesicles post-use depression
	epinephrine	activates both alpha and beta receptors BP increase dilate bronchii potent vasopressor
	norepinephrine	activates mostly alpha receptors very potent vasopressor
	methoxamine	treatment of hypotensive state
	phenylephrine	(local) vasoconstrictor nasal decongestant (-zoline)
	clonidine	hypertension
	guanfacine	hypertension
	dobutamine	strong ionotropic effect short-term treatment of impaired cardiac function after surgery dobutamine stress test
	metaproterenol	-terenol / -terol used to treat asthma
	alpha-1 selective antagonists	prazosin (-zosin)
	yohimbine	effects opposite of clonidine increased sypathetic output used in many weight loss products
	beta-selective antagonists	propanolol (-olol)

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