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Final Exam BIO-102 - Flashcards

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Class:BIOL - Biology 1 - Introduction
Subject:Biology / Biological Sciences
University:Northern Virginia Community College
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What are the functions of various minerals needed by animals 1) Boron (B)-Helps maintain metabolism 2) Chromium (Cr)-enhances the effect of insulin 3) Cobalt (Co)-maintains nervous system 4) Copper (Cu)-essential for enzyme systems and maintaining vascular and skeletal systems. 5) Iodine (I)-works with thyroid hormones 6) Manganese (Mn)-brain & nervous system 7) Molybdenum (Mo)-enamel on teeth 8) Nickel (Ni)-hormone regulation 9) Zinc (Zn)-immune system
During the process of digestion of fats and proteins. What do these two processes have in common? They both involve hydrolysis.
What is the difference between biological magnification and biological concentration? Biological Magnification: Refers to the process whereby certain substances such as pesticides or heavy metals move up the food chain Biological concentration: The accumulation of a chemical in tissues of a fish or other organism to levels greater than in the surrounding medium
what is the blood-brain barrier and what types of cell junctions enable it to be formed? This barrier creates problem in medicine as it prevents many therapeutic drugs from reaching the brain. Tight junctions between the endothelial cells of the capillaries
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After an action potential, how is the resting potential restored? It uses ATP and controls the pumps and throws out 3 Na+ and brings in 2 K+, making it positive on the inside and negative on the outside
What are the advantages of asexual reproduction? 1. Large numbers of offspring 2. Large colonies can form 3. Energy is not required to find a mate
characteristics: parthenogenetic reproduction, internal development of embryos, presence of an amnion, lack of parental care of young. What organisms would fit the criteria? Sharks
During an IPSP, the postsynaptic membrane may become more permeable to what ion or ions? ligand-gated ion
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What is occurring during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle as far as follicular development and hormone levels? The endometrium continues to thicken, becomes more vascularized, and develops glands that secrete a fluid rich in glycogen.
Know the levels of ecological orgainzation -- population, community, ecosystem, etc. population- factors that affect size and how it changes through time community- examine show interactions between species, such as predation and competition affect community structure and organization ecosystem- emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling between organisms and environment
Why is sexual reproduction important? it allows for the selection of certain traits and genes.
Describe the structure of a human sperm cells? three main parts: the head, midpiece and tail.
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Know the sequence of permeability changes that depolarizes and then repolarizes the membrane of a neuron during an action potential. ?
Describe neural transmission across a mammalian synaptic gap? nerve impulse is carried by chemicals called neurotransmitters.
What are the functions of the sexual structures in a male and a female? The penis has three main functions: (1) for urination; (2) for sexuality and pleasure; (3) for reproduction and procreation. The functions of the vagina are: copulation (admitting the penis during sexual intercourse), allowing menstrual blood to leave the body, and giving birth.
What are some examples of the close structural and functional relationship between the nervous and endocrine systems? signaling by neurons can regulate release of hormones
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Why are the functions of the adrenal gland? How does it act under conditions of stress? producing several important hormones and are critical to the stress response. The medulla pours out epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine to help us to cope with stress.
Be able to match hormones with its action. Oxytocin-stimulate contraction Hormone(ADH)-promotes retention of water by kidneys Prolactin(PRL)-stimulates milk production Follicle... (FSH)-stimulates the ova and sperm Luteinizing (LH)-stimulates ovaries and testis T3 &T4-stimulates and maintain metabolic processes Parathyroid(PTH)-increase blood calcium level Glocorticoids: raise blood pressure Melatonin:biological rhythm Progestins:promote uterine lining
Which is a function of the liver? It produces bile, prepares nitrogenous wastes for disposal, and detoxifies poisonous chemicals in the blood.
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 What are the functions of various minerals needed by animals1) Boron (B)-Helps maintain metabolism
2) Chromium (Cr)-enhances the effect of insulin
3) Cobalt (Co)-maintains nervous system
4) Copper (Cu)-essential for enzyme systems and maintaining vascular and skeletal systems.
5) Iodine (I)-works with thyroid hormones
6) Manganese (Mn)-brain & nervous system
7) Molybdenum (Mo)-enamel on teeth
8) Nickel (Ni)-hormone regulation
9) Zinc (Zn)-immune system
 During the process of digestion of fats and proteins. What do these two processes have in common?They both involve hydrolysis.
 What is the difference between biological magnification and biological concentration?Biological Magnification: Refers to the process whereby certain substances such as pesticides or heavy metals move up the food chain

Biological concentration: The accumulation of a chemical in tissues of a fish or other organism to levels greater than in the surrounding medium
 what is the blood-brain barrier and what types of cell junctions enable it to be formed?This barrier creates problem in medicine as it prevents many therapeutic drugs from reaching the brain. Tight junctions between the endothelial cells of the capillaries
 After an action potential, how is the resting potential restored? It uses ATP and controls the pumps and throws out 3 Na+ and brings in 2 K+, making it positive on the inside and negative on the outside
 What are the advantages of asexual reproduction? 1. Large numbers of offspring

2. Large colonies can form

3. Energy is not required to find a mate
 characteristics: parthenogenetic reproduction, internal development of embryos, presence of an amnion, lack of parental care of young. What organisms would fit the criteria?Sharks
 During an IPSP, the postsynaptic membrane may become more permeable to what ion or ions?ligand-gated ion
 What is occurring during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle as far as follicular development and hormone levels? The endometrium continues to thicken, becomes more vascularized, and develops glands that secrete a fluid rich in glycogen.

 Know the levels of ecological orgainzation -- population, community, ecosystem, etc.population- factors that affect size and how it changes through time

community- examine show interactions between species, such as predation and competition affect community structure and organization

ecosystem- emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling between organisms and environment
 Why is sexual reproduction important? it allows for the selection of certain traits and genes.
 Describe the structure of a human sperm cells? three main parts: the head, midpiece and tail.
 Know the sequence of permeability changes that depolarizes and then repolarizes the membrane of a neuron during an action potential.?
 Describe neural transmission across a mammalian synaptic gap? nerve impulse is carried by chemicals called neurotransmitters.
 What are the functions of the sexual structures in a male and a female?The penis has three main functions: (1) for urination; (2) for sexuality and pleasure; (3) for reproduction and procreation.



The functions of the vagina are: copulation (admitting the penis during sexual intercourse), allowing menstrual blood to leave the body, and giving birth.
 What are some examples of the close structural and functional relationship between the nervous and endocrine systems? signaling by neurons can regulate release of hormones
 Why are the functions of the adrenal gland? How does it act under conditions of stress?producing several important hormones and are critical to the stress response.

The medulla pours out epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine to help us to cope with stress.
 Be able to match hormones with its action.Oxytocin-stimulate contraction
Hormone(ADH)-promotes retention of water by kidneys
Prolactin(PRL)-stimulates milk production
Follicle... (FSH)-stimulates the ova and sperm
Luteinizing (LH)-stimulates ovaries and testis
T3 &T4-stimulates and maintain metabolic processes
Parathyroid(PTH)-increase blood calcium level
Glocorticoids: raise blood pressure
Melatonin:biological rhythm
Progestins:promote uterine lining
 Which is a function of the liver?It produces bile, prepares nitrogenous wastes for disposal, and detoxifies poisonous chemicals in the blood.
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