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Class:BIOL 245 - Introduction Forensic Science
Subject:Biology
University:Guilford College
Term:Fall 2010
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Fingerprint ridges are surface reflections of the ________ (specific skin structural feature). Dermal papillae
In humans, genes are positioned along fiber-like strands known as _______ chromosomes
In some state courts, for a positive identification, ____fingerprint points must match, out of a total of ___ (# of minutiae per print). 8-16 150
To develop fingerprints on a mirror surface, one should use ____ because _____ Gray Powder Mirrors photograph black
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Two methods for developing latent fingerprints on absorbent surfaces are _____ and _____ ninhydrin iodine fuming
Two methods for developing latent fingerprints on non-absorbent surfaces are ___ and _____ Powders cyanoacrylate fuming
The most definitive way to demonstrate that a sexual assault has taken place is to identify the presence of ____ sperm cells
Three organs that contribute to the composition of seminal fluid are _____,______, and ________ bulbo-urethral gland prostate gland seminal vesicle
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A colorimetric test for the ___ produced by the ____ can be used as a presumptive test for seminal fluid. enzyme phosphatase (it is an enzyme) prostate gland
The Florence Test is a microcrystalline test for ____, which provides presumptive evidence of _____ Chlorine semen
In addition to blood, two body fluids that can be used for blood typing are ____and ____. Saliva Semen.
A fingerprint left in a pool of fresh blood would be known as a ____ print. visible
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The distinguishing characteristics of a central pocket loop are _______ a line can drawn between the two deltas and it does not cross the spiral ridge
The most common fingerprint patterns are of the _____ type. loops
The fingerprint pattern known as ____ does not have a delta. arch
The ninhydrin reagent is used for __________________. Draw the structure of the ninhydrin molecule: identifying amino acids in sweat
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An ulnar loop on the right middle finger can be identified________________ by the opening towards the little finger. A loop must have one or more ridges entering from one side of the print re-curving and then exiting the same side.
The secretions of ____ glands can be detected by the ninhydrin reagent. sweat
At a crime scene an example of a visible print might be _____. in blood
A secretor is __________________ an individual who release blood typing antigens A, B, O, Rh in their bodily fluids.
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DNA fragments were separated in ___ such that, after electrophoresis the fragments that remained closer to the well were known to be ___ compared to the fragments that migrated farther from the well. Agarose gel (type of gel) Farther
If a fresh blood sample is found to clump/agglutinate both washed, purified Type A and Type B cells, the fresh bloodsample is Type____ Type O
In gel electrophoresis, the driving force for the separation of mixtures of molecules is ____ electrical energy
The possible genotypes of the offspring resulting from a mating of a Type AB father and a Type AB mother _________ are AA, AB, BA, BB offspring
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The structure of DNA requires the pairing of base A to ____ and base C to ____ A to T C to G
A newspaper profile of the Unabomber suspect referred to him as a most intelligent criminal who knew how to taken avoid detection because he did not lick the stamps he used on his mail bombs. Explain this statement . Since the Unabomber did not lick the stamp there was no saliva on the stamp which means that DNA could not be from the back of the stamp.
If the probe/primer used in a forensic PCR analysis had the base sequence –G-T-C-T-C-C-T-T-C-A-G- the sequence of theDNA sample to which it would bind is ____ C-A-G-A-G-G-A-A-G-T-C
The National DNA Database is maintained by _____ FBI
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Forensic investigators would search for a cold hit match in CODIS when__________________________________________ there are no suspects but there is biological evidence at the crime scene
Possible genotypes for a person who is blood type A are ___ and ___. This person’s phenotype is _______.__________ AA and AO Blood Type A
Genotypes for the MN blood typing system are easy to obtain because the alleles are ______. codominant
The products of the genes of the MN and Rh blood typing systems are_________________________ genes code for membrane proteins found in the surface of red blood cells. The MN and Rh genes code for membrane proteins found in the surface of red blood cells.
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The product of the Type A allele is ___ or ____ AA or AO
The four nucleotide building blocks of DNA are ___,___,____ and ____. Adenylic acid, Guanylic acid, Cytidylic acid, Thymidylic acid
Briefly describe the structure of the hereditary molecule that governs each individual’s characteristics: ________. The structure of a DNA molecule is a sugar and phosphate backbone and a nitrogen containing bases that connect the two strands with nucleotides. The shape of the polymer is a double helix. Hydrogen bonds between the bases to keep the strands together.
Define: Base Pair – ________ the specific pairing of base A with T and base C with G in a double stranded DNA
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Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, which together contain _______ (# of building blocks) 3.1 billion nucleotides
Define: Gene – the fundamental unit of heredity. It instructs the body cells to make proteins that determine everything like hair color and disease.
Define: Allele, give an example and explain – Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point on a particular pair of chromosomes; for example, the genes determining the blood types A and B are Alleles.
The use of polymorphic forensic markers is important because _______ Polymorphic means many alleles in the population, which divides the human population into smaller and smaller groups.
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Genes make up ___% of the total human genome. 1.5
One method of DNA extraction and purification from crime scene samples involves the use of the chemicals phenol-chloroform extraction – add an equal volume of buffer – saturated phenol: Chloroform (1:1) to the DNA containing buffer solution , mix, spin in microfuge 3 mins, remove aqueous layer containing DNA to clean tube, add 2 volumes of ethanol to participate DNA, sediment DNA by centrifuge.
The amount of DNA needed for an STR analysis is ____ (give units) 0.2 ng
Define: PCR Primer: a short strand of DNA used to target a region of DNA for replication by PCR
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Define: CODIS – software that stores unsolved crime scene evidence, missing persons and arrestees DNA profiles DNA banding patterns that are specific to an individual
Define: STR Multiplexing – a technique that simultaneously amplifies and detects more than one DNA marker in a single analysis
Define: Allelic Ladder – contains every known allele for each forensic locus
In the analysis of the blood collected at the murder scene of Nicole Simpson and Ron Goldman, the following blood factors were identified: Blood Factor Frequency in the African American Population A 26% EsD 1 85% PGM 2+2- 2% What is the expected frequency of this combination of blood factors among the African American population? Show your calculations. 0.26 x 0.85 x 0.02 = 0.00442
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A fresh blood sample of blood type O would agglutinate purified blood cells of type ___ and ___.______ type A and B
The proper storage of suspected seminal stains from a sexual assault crime scene is ______. first drying it out of the sun and then putting it in sterile paper bag to prevent microbial growth.
Blood stained evidence from a crime scene should be kept out of direct sunlight because (be specific)______. the DNA degrades in sunlight.
Forensic DNA markers must be inherited independently of each other because __________. Independent inheritance allows application of the product rule for multiplication of allele frequencies.
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In forensic analysis, multiplexing means __________________. a technique that simultaneously amplifies and detects more than one DNA marker in a single analysis.
In forensic STR DNA analysis, the forensic alleles are separated according to the number of times the STR repeats and________. thus, according to length.
Four specific CODIS loci are ____ ,_____ ,____ and ____ . FGA TH01 TPOX vWA
Two requirements for the function of the enzyme, DNA polymerase, ___________. are proteins and enzymes to keep the strands apart and free nucleotides to the new strand of DNA
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A man of blood type B is being sued for child support by a woman of blood type O. The child is blood type O.The man denies paternity, however, a DNA profile shows that he is the father. Provide the genotypes of each parent and the child. ? OO OB BO Father BB, BO Mother OO Child OB
The repeat size for forensic STR markers is _________ (give units). 4 bp repeats
A fresh blood sample of blood type A would agglutinate purified blood cells of type _____because ________. O XX Agglutination is caused by specific antibodies binding to the surfaces of the red blood cells.
The distinguishing characteristics of a fingerprint radial loop are if it___________________ opens toward the thumbs and one ore more ridges entering from one side of the print and exiting the same side and has only one delta
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Two characteristics of the primers used in STR DNA profiling are ________. short sequences of 18 to 30 bp and bind at a unique sequence in the human genome
The secretions of the sebaceous glands can be detected by _____. iodine fuming - Iodine reacts with oils from fatty acids found on hairy parts of the body.
Non-coding sequences make up _____ % of the total human genome. 98.5
In the analysis of the blood collected at a murder scene the following blood factors were identified: Blood Factor Frequency in relevant Population A 26% AK-2 7% Rh negative 14% TH01 3% What is the expected frequency of this combination of blood factors in the relevant population? Show your calculations. 0.27 x 0.07 x 0.14 x 0.03= 7.938 e-5
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 Fingerprint ridges are surface reflections of the ________ (specific skin structural feature). Dermal papillae

 In humans, genes are positioned along fiber-like strands known as _______chromosomes
 In some state courts, for a positive identification, ____fingerprint points must match, out of a total of ___ (# of minutiae per print).8-16

150
 To develop fingerprints on a mirror surface, one should use ____ because _____Gray Powder

Mirrors photograph black
 Two methods for developing latent fingerprints on absorbent surfaces are _____ and _____ ninhydrin

iodine fuming
 Two methods for developing latent fingerprints on non-absorbent surfaces are ___ and _____Powders

cyanoacrylate fuming
 The most definitive way to demonstrate that a sexual assault has taken place is to identify the presence of ____sperm cells
 Three organs that contribute to the composition of seminal fluid are _____,______, and ________ bulbo-urethral gland
prostate gland
seminal vesicle
 A colorimetric test for the ___ produced by the ____ can be used as a presumptive test for seminal fluid. enzyme phosphatase (it is an enzyme)

prostate gland
 The Florence Test is a microcrystalline test for ____, which provides presumptive evidence of _____Chlorine

semen
 In addition to blood, two body fluids that can be used for blood typing are ____and ____.Saliva
Semen.
 A fingerprint left in a pool of fresh blood would be known as a ____ print.visible
 The distinguishing characteristics of a central pocket loop are _______a line can drawn between the two deltas and it does not cross the spiral ridge
 The most common fingerprint patterns are of the _____ type.loops
 The fingerprint pattern known as ____ does not have a delta. arch
 The ninhydrin reagent is used for __________________. Draw the structure of the ninhydrin molecule:identifying amino acids in sweat
 An ulnar loop on the right middle finger can be identified________________ by the opening towards the little finger. A loop must have one or more ridges entering from one side of the print re-curving and then exiting the same side.
 The secretions of ____ glands can be detected by the ninhydrin reagent.sweat
 At a crime scene an example of a visible print might be _____. in blood
 A secretor is __________________an individual who release blood typing antigens A, B, O, Rh in their bodily fluids.
 DNA fragments were separated in ___ such that, after electrophoresis the fragments that remained closer to the well were known to be ___ compared to the fragments that migrated farther from the well. Agarose gel (type of gel)

Farther
 If a fresh blood sample is found to clump/agglutinate both washed, purified Type A and Type B cells, the fresh bloodsample is Type____ Type O
 In gel electrophoresis, the driving force for the separation of mixtures of molecules is ____electrical energy
 The possible genotypes of the offspring resulting from a mating of a Type AB father and a Type AB mother _________are AA, AB, BA, BB offspring
 The structure of DNA requires the pairing of base A to ____ and base C to ____ A to T

C to G
 A newspaper profile of the Unabomber suspect referred to him as a most intelligent criminal who knew how to taken avoid detection because he did not lick the stamps he used on his mail bombs. Explain this statement.
Since the Unabomber did not lick the stamp there was no saliva on the stamp which means that DNA could not be from the back of the stamp.
 If the probe/primer used in a forensic PCR analysis had the base sequence –G-T-C-T-C-C-T-T-C-A-G- the sequence of theDNA sample to which it would bind is ____ C-A-G-A-G-G-A-A-G-T-C
 The National DNA Database is maintained by _____ FBI
 Forensic investigators would search for a cold hit match in CODIS when__________________________________________there are no suspects but there is biological evidence at the crime scene
 Possible genotypes for a person who is blood type A are ___ and ___. This person’s phenotype is _______.__________AA and AO

Blood Type A
 Genotypes for the MN blood typing system are easy to obtain because the alleles are ______.codominant
 The products of the genes of the MN and Rh blood typing systems are_________________________ genes code for membrane proteins found in the surface of red blood cells.
The MN and Rh genes code for membrane proteins found in the surface of red blood cells.
 The product of the Type A allele is ___ or ____ AA or AO
 The four nucleotide building blocks of DNA are ___,___,____ and ____. Adenylic acid,
Guanylic acid,
Cytidylic acid,
Thymidylic acid
 Briefly describe the structure of the hereditary molecule that governs each individual’s characteristics: ________.The structure of a DNA molecule is a sugar and phosphate backbone and a nitrogen containing bases that connect the two strands with nucleotides. The shape of the polymer is a double helix. Hydrogen bonds between the bases to keep the strands together.
 Define: Base Pair – ________ the specific pairing of base A with T and base C with G in a double stranded DNA
 Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, which together contain _______ (# of building blocks) 3.1 billion nucleotides
 Define: Gene – the fundamental unit of heredity. It instructs the body cells to make proteins that determine everything like hair color and disease.
 Define: Allele, give an example and explain – Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point on a particular pair of chromosomes; for example, the genes determining the blood types A and B are Alleles.
 The use of polymorphic forensic markers is important because _______Polymorphic means many alleles in the population, which divides the human population into smaller and smaller groups.
 Genes make up ___% of the total human genome.1.5
 One method of DNA extraction and purification from crime scene samples involves the use of the chemicalsphenol-chloroform extraction – add an equal volume of buffer – saturated phenol: Chloroform (1:1) to the DNA containing buffer solution , mix, spin in microfuge 3 mins, remove aqueous layer containing DNA to clean tube, add 2 volumes of ethanol to participate DNA, sediment DNA by centrifuge.
 The amount of DNA needed for an STR analysis is ____ (give units) 0.2 ng
 Define: PCR Primer: a short strand of DNA used to target a region of DNA for replication by PCR
 Define: CODIS – software that stores unsolved crime scene evidence, missing persons and arrestees DNA profiles DNA banding patterns that are specific to an individual
 Define: STR Multiplexing – a technique that simultaneously amplifies and detects more than one DNA marker in a single analysis
 Define: Allelic Ladder – contains every known allele for each forensic locus

 In the analysis of the blood collected at the murder scene of Nicole Simpson and Ron Goldman, the following blood factors were identified: Blood Factor Frequency in the African American Population A 26% EsD 1 85% PGM 2+2- 2% What is the expected frequency of this combination of blood factors among the African American population? Show your calculations. 0.26 x 0.85 x 0.02 = 0.00442
 A fresh blood sample of blood type O would agglutinate purified blood cells of type ___ and ___.______ type A and B
 The proper storage of suspected seminal stains from a sexual assault crime scene is ______.first drying it out of the sun and then putting it in sterile paper bag to prevent microbial growth.
 Blood stained evidence from a crime scene should be kept out of direct sunlight because (be specific)______. the DNA degrades in sunlight.
 Forensic DNA markers must be inherited independently of each other because __________.Independent inheritance allows application of the product rule for multiplication of allele frequencies.
 In forensic analysis, multiplexing means __________________.a technique that simultaneously amplifies and detects more than one DNA marker in a single analysis.
 In forensic STR DNA analysis, the forensic alleles are separated according to the number of times the STR repeats and________. thus, according to length.
 Four specific CODIS loci are ____ ,_____ ,____ and ____ . FGA
TH01
TPOX
vWA
 Two requirements for the function of the enzyme, DNA polymerase, ___________.are proteins and enzymes to keep the strands apart and free nucleotides to the new strand of DNA
 A man of blood type B is being sued for child support by a woman of blood type O. The child is blood type O.The man denies paternity, however, a DNA profile shows that he is the father. Provide the genotypes of each parent and the child. ? OO OB BO Father BB, BO

Mother OO
Child OB
 The repeat size for forensic STR markers is _________ (give units).4 bp repeats
 A fresh blood sample of blood type A would agglutinate purified blood cells of type _____because ________.O XX

Agglutination is caused by specific antibodies binding to the surfaces of the red blood cells.
 The distinguishing characteristics of a fingerprint radial loop are if it___________________ opens toward the thumbs and one ore more ridges entering from one side of the print and exiting the same side and has only one delta
 Two characteristics of the primers used in STR DNA profiling are ________.short sequences of 18 to 30 bp and bind at a unique sequence in the human genome
 The secretions of the sebaceous glands can be detected by _____. iodine fuming - Iodine reacts with oils from fatty acids found on hairy parts of the body.
 Non-coding sequences make up _____ % of the total human genome. 98.5
 In the analysis of the blood collected at a murder scene the following blood factors were identified: Blood Factor Frequency in relevant Population A 26% AK-2 7% Rh negative 14% TH01 3% What is the expected frequency of this combination of blood factors in the relevant population? Show your calculations.0.27 x 0.07 x 0.14 x 0.03= 7.938 e-5
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