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Universities » University of Houston (UH) » BIOL - (Biology) » 3301 - Genetics » Flash Cards

REVIEW EXAM 1/ CHP 1 - Flashcards

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Class:BIOL 3301 - Genetics
Subject:(Biology)
University:University of Houston
Term:Fall 2011
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GENE  THE BASIC UNIT OF INHERITANCE!!
GENOME THE ENTIRE COLLECTION OF GENES WITHIN AN ORGANISM
GENETICS THE FIELD OF SCIENCE THAT STUDIES GENES AND THEIR:
1) diversity of forms
2) mutations
3) replication, and
4) translation of information
TRAIT An inherited characteristic. Like phenotype.
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GREGOR MENDEL
The founder of genetics.
PHENOTYPE

An inherited characteristic.
GENOTYPE

Allelic composition of cell or organism.
LOCUS

Place in a chromosome where the gene is located.
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WILHELM JOHANNSEN Wilhelm Johannsen (3 February 1857 - 11 November 1927) was a Danish botanist, plant physiologist and geneticist.

Coined terms Gene, Genotype, and Phenotype in 1903.
WHAT DO GENES MAKE?



They make enzymes for metabolism.
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID DNA Is the molecular basis of genetic information

ADENINE-------> THYMINE

GUANINE-------->CYTOSINE
THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE


THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF A GENE SPECIFIES THE SEQUENCE OF AMINO ACIDS, THE SEQUENCE OF AMINO ACIDS DEFINE THE PROTEIN FUNCTION.
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NUCLEOTIDE




Nucleotides are molecules that, when joined together, make up the structural units of RNA and DNA.
DO GENES SOLELY DEFINE AN INDIVIDUAL'S TRAIT?

NO! IT IS ALSO DEFINE BY THE ENVIROMENT
WHAT DO GENES ENCODE?



             PROTEINS AND RNAs ARE ENCODED
Variation in protein sequence contribute to...



...different traits  or phenotypes
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Most traits are due to


Genetics Factors, 
Environmental Factors, and
Developmental Noise. 
ALLELE A form of a gene that exists at a single locus.
GENETIC VARIATION Is the genetic difference among individuals. Is the focus of genetic methods of studying biological properties.
MUTANT VARIANT


Is recessive.
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WILD TYPE VARIANT



Is dominant
FORWARD GENETICS Begins with a biological question. Identify genetic variation that effects your question. Identify the cause of the variation. That gene is therefore involved in that biological function.
REVERSE GENETICS Starts with the gene sequence and works backwards to the mutant phenotype.
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 GENE THE BASIC UNIT OF INHERITANCE!!
 GENOMETHE ENTIRE COLLECTION OF GENES WITHIN AN ORGANISM
 GENETICSTHE FIELD OF SCIENCE THAT STUDIES GENES AND THEIR:
1) diversity of forms
2) mutations
3) replication, and
4) translation of information
 TRAITAn inherited characteristic. Like phenotype.
 GREGOR MENDEL
The founder of genetics.

 PHENOTYPE

An inherited characteristic.
 GENOTYPE

Allelic composition of cell or organism.
 LOCUS

Place in a chromosome where the gene is located.
 WILHELM JOHANNSENWilhelm Johannsen (3 February 1857 - 11 November 1927) was a Danish botanist, plant physiologist and geneticist.

Coined terms Gene, Genotype, and Phenotype in 1903.
 WHAT DO GENES MAKE?



They make enzymes for metabolism.

 DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID DNAIs the molecular basis of genetic information

ADENINE-------> THYMINE

GUANINE-------->CYTOSINE
 THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE


THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF A GENE SPECIFIES THE SEQUENCE OF AMINO ACIDS, THE SEQUENCE OF AMINO ACIDS DEFINE THE PROTEIN FUNCTION.
 NUCLEOTIDE




Nucleotides are molecules that, when joined together, make up the structural units of RNA and DNA.
 DO GENES SOLELY DEFINE AN INDIVIDUAL'S TRAIT?

NO! IT IS ALSO DEFINE BY THE ENVIROMENT
 WHAT DO GENES ENCODE?



             PROTEINS AND RNAs ARE ENCODED

 Variation in protein sequence contribute to...



...different traits  or phenotypes
 Most traits are due to


Genetics Factors, 
Environmental Factors, and
Developmental Noise. 
 ALLELEA form of a gene that exists at a single locus.
 GENETIC VARIATIONIs the genetic difference among individuals. Is the focus of genetic methods of studying biological properties.
 MUTANT VARIANT


Is recessive.
 WILD TYPE VARIANT



Is dominant
 FORWARD GENETICSBegins with a biological question. Identify genetic variation that effects your question. Identify the cause of the variation. That gene is therefore involved in that biological function.
 REVERSE GENETICSStarts with the gene sequence and works backwards to the mutant phenotype.
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