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Universities » Jacksonville State University (J.. » BY - Biology (BY) » 102 - Introductory Biology II » Flash Cards

TEST 2 - Flashcards

Flashcard Deck Information

Class:	BY 102 - Introductory Biology II
Subject:	Biology (BY)
University:	Jacksonville State University
Term:	Spring 2011

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Cyanobacteria

probably the first to spread into and up freshwater streams

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plant

every____is descended from species of green algae

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Plants

___are nearly all multicelled

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photoautotrophs

vast majority are____
energy from sun
carbon dioxide from air
minerls dissolved in water

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Plants

nested monophyletic groups

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Bryophytes

Nonvascular plants
Around 19000 species
3 species: liverworts, hornworts, mosses

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Vascular Plants

majority of plants
internal tissues that carry water and solutes
2 groups: Seedless vascular plants and seed bearing vascular plants

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Seedless Vascular Plants

produce spores but not seeds
4 main groups
whisk ferns, lycophytes, horsetails, ferns

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Seed-Bearing Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms arose first
Cycads, Ginkgos, Gnetophytes, Conifers

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Angiosperms

Arose later
Monocots, Eudicots

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Alternation of Generations

process in plants where haploid and diploid stages of life cycle alternate
Gametophyte(1N)= 1n gametes
Sporophyte(2N)= spores(1N via meiosis)

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root systems

portions of plant that are specialized to grab water and minerals that dissolve in water

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shoot system

Shoots are new plant growth, they can include stems, flowering stems with flower buds, leaves.

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Vascular Tissues

Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue, formed of more than one cell type, found in vascular plants.

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Traits of Seed bearing plants Pollen grains

arise from microspores
develop into male gametophytes
can be transported without water

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seeds

embryo sporophyte inside nutritive tissues and a protective coat
can withstand hostile conditions

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Nonfood uses of plants

Lumber, paper, fuel (furniture, rope)
thatced roofing
natural insecticides(drugs)

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Plants of Abuse

Cannabis sative is source of marijuana
Coca leaveas are used to produce cocaine
Toxic plants alkaloids, such as hanbane and belladonna, have been used as poisons and as medicine

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Byrophytes

small, non-vascular, non-woody
gametophyte dominates life cycle; has lef like, stem like, and root like parts
usually live in wet habitats
flagellated sperm require water to reach eggs

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Peat Mosses

sphagnum is an example
grow in acidic bogs; important ecosystms of cold and temperate regions
peat can be harvested and burned as fuel

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Marchantia: liverwort

reproduces asexyally by gemmae(cup shaped) found in lots of water, water dripping on them
gametophytes are male or female

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Xylem

transport water and nutrients from roots to leaves

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Phloem

transport photosynthetic produces from leaves to roots

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Lycophytes

live in wet, humid places, require water for fertilization
sporophyte is free living and has vascular tissues

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Stigmaria

root of club moss

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lepidodendron

stem of club moss

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Ferns(Pterophyta)

most common sporophyte structure
perinnial underground stem(rhizome)
roots and fronds arise from rhizome
young fronds are coiled "fiddleheads"
mature fronds divided into leaflets
spores form on lower surface of some fronds

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formation of coal (carbonbiferous)

gian lycophtes and horsetails
sea level rose and fell repeatedly
remains of swamp forest were repeatedly submerged and compressed
formation of coal

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Pollen

polleng rains are sperm bearing male gametophytes that develop from microspores
allows transfer of sperm to egg without water
can drift on air currents or be carried by pollinators

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Ovules

female reproductive structures that become seeds
consist of: female gametophytes with egg cell, nutrient rich tissue, jacket of cell layers that will form seed coat

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Gymnosperms- naked seeds

plants with naked seeds
seeds dont form inside an ovary
four groups: conifers, ginkgos, cycads, gnetphytes

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Cycads

Most diverse during age of dinosaurs
palm like appearance
pollen-bearing and seed-bearing cones on different plants
strobilus of female cycad

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Gnetophytes

gnetum, welwitschia, ephedra

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Cyanobacteria	probably the first to spread into and up freshwater streams
plant	every____is descended from species of green algae
Plants	___are nearly all multicelled
photoautotrophs	vast majority are____ energy from sun carbon dioxide from air minerls dissolved in water

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Plants	nested monophyletic groups
Bryophytes	Nonvascular plants Around 19000 species 3 species: liverworts, hornworts, mosses
Vascular Plants	majority of plants internal tissues that carry water and solutes 2 groups: Seedless vascular plants and seed bearing vascular plants
Seedless Vascular Plants	produce spores but not seeds 4 main groups whisk ferns, lycophytes, horsetails, ferns

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Koofers.com

Seed-Bearing Vascular Plants	Gymnosperms arose first Cycads, Ginkgos, Gnetophytes, Conifers
Angiosperms	Arose later Monocots, Eudicots
Alternation of Generations	process in plants where haploid and diploid stages of life cycle alternate Gametophyte(1N)= 1n gametes Sporophyte(2N)= spores(1N via meiosis)
root systems	portions of plant that are specialized to grab water and minerals that dissolve in water

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Koofers.com

shoot system	Shoots are new plant growth, they can include stems, flowering stems with flower buds, leaves.
Vascular Tissues	Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue, formed of more than one cell type, found in vascular plants.
Traits of Seed bearing plants Pollen grains	arise from microspores develop into male gametophytes can be transported without water
seeds	embryo sporophyte inside nutritive tissues and a protective coat can withstand hostile conditions

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Koofers.com

Nonfood uses of plants	Lumber, paper, fuel (furniture, rope) thatced roofing natural insecticides(drugs)
Plants of Abuse	Cannabis sative is source of marijuana Coca leaveas are used to produce cocaine Toxic plants alkaloids, such as hanbane and belladonna, have been used as poisons and as medicine
Byrophytes	small, non-vascular, non-woody gametophyte dominates life cycle; has lef like, stem like, and root like parts usually live in wet habitats flagellated sperm require water to reach eggs
Peat Mosses	sphagnum is an example grow in acidic bogs; important ecosystms of cold and temperate regions peat can be harvested and burned as fuel

Generated by

Koofers.com

Marchantia: liverwort	reproduces asexyally by gemmae(cup shaped) found in lots of water, water dripping on them gametophytes are male or female
Xylem	transport water and nutrients from roots to leaves
Phloem	transport photosynthetic produces from leaves to roots
Lycophytes	live in wet, humid places, require water for fertilization sporophyte is free living and has vascular tissues

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Koofers.com

Stigmaria	root of club moss
lepidodendron	stem of club moss
Ferns(Pterophyta)	most common sporophyte structure perinnial underground stem(rhizome) roots and fronds arise from rhizome young fronds are coiled "fiddleheads" mature fronds divided into leaflets spores form on lower surface of some fronds
formation of coal (carbonbiferous)	gian lycophtes and horsetails sea level rose and fell repeatedly remains of swamp forest were repeatedly submerged and compressed formation of coal

Generated by

Koofers.com

Pollen	polleng rains are sperm bearing male gametophytes that develop from microspores allows transfer of sperm to egg without water can drift on air currents or be carried by pollinators
Ovules	female reproductive structures that become seeds consist of: female gametophytes with egg cell, nutrient rich tissue, jacket of cell layers that will form seed coat
Gymnosperms- naked seeds	plants with naked seeds seeds dont form inside an ovary four groups: conifers, ginkgos, cycads, gnetphytes
Cycads	Most diverse during age of dinosaurs palm like appearance pollen-bearing and seed-bearing cones on different plants strobilus of female cycad

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Gnetophytes

gnetum, welwitschia, ephedra

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List View: Terms & Definitions

Hide All 33 Print

	Front	Back
	Cyanobacteria	probably the first to spread into and up freshwater streams
	plant	every____is descended from species of green algae
	Plants	___are nearly all multicelled
	photoautotrophs	vast majority are____ energy from sun carbon dioxide from air minerls dissolved in water
	Plants	nested monophyletic groups
	Bryophytes	Nonvascular plants Around 19000 species 3 species: liverworts, hornworts, mosses
	Vascular Plants	majority of plants internal tissues that carry water and solutes 2 groups: Seedless vascular plants and seed bearing vascular plants
	Seedless Vascular Plants	produce spores but not seeds 4 main groups whisk ferns, lycophytes, horsetails, ferns
	Seed-Bearing Vascular Plants	Gymnosperms arose first Cycads, Ginkgos, Gnetophytes, Conifers
	Angiosperms	Arose later Monocots, Eudicots
	Alternation of Generations	process in plants where haploid and diploid stages of life cycle alternate Gametophyte(1N)= 1n gametes Sporophyte(2N)= spores(1N via meiosis)
	root systems	portions of plant that are specialized to grab water and minerals that dissolve in water
	shoot system	Shoots are new plant growth, they can include stems, flowering stems with flower buds, leaves.
	Vascular Tissues	Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue, formed of more than one cell type, found in vascular plants.
	Traits of Seed bearing plants Pollen grains	arise from microspores develop into male gametophytes can be transported without water
	seeds	embryo sporophyte inside nutritive tissues and a protective coat can withstand hostile conditions
	Nonfood uses of plants	Lumber, paper, fuel (furniture, rope) thatced roofing natural insecticides(drugs)
	Plants of Abuse	Cannabis sative is source of marijuana Coca leaveas are used to produce cocaine Toxic plants alkaloids, such as hanbane and belladonna, have been used as poisons and as medicine
	Byrophytes	small, non-vascular, non-woody gametophyte dominates life cycle; has lef like, stem like, and root like parts usually live in wet habitats flagellated sperm require water to reach eggs
	Peat Mosses	sphagnum is an example grow in acidic bogs; important ecosystms of cold and temperate regions peat can be harvested and burned as fuel
	Marchantia: liverwort	reproduces asexyally by gemmae(cup shaped) found in lots of water, water dripping on them gametophytes are male or female
	Xylem	transport water and nutrients from roots to leaves
	Phloem	transport photosynthetic produces from leaves to roots
	Lycophytes	live in wet, humid places, require water for fertilization sporophyte is free living and has vascular tissues
	Stigmaria	root of club moss
	lepidodendron	stem of club moss
	Ferns(Pterophyta)	most common sporophyte structure perinnial underground stem(rhizome) roots and fronds arise from rhizome young fronds are coiled "fiddleheads" mature fronds divided into leaflets spores form on lower surface of some fronds
	formation of coal (carbonbiferous)	gian lycophtes and horsetails sea level rose and fell repeatedly remains of swamp forest were repeatedly submerged and compressed formation of coal
	Pollen	polleng rains are sperm bearing male gametophytes that develop from microspores allows transfer of sperm to egg without water can drift on air currents or be carried by pollinators
	Ovules	female reproductive structures that become seeds consist of: female gametophytes with egg cell, nutrient rich tissue, jacket of cell layers that will form seed coat
	Gymnosperms- naked seeds	plants with naked seeds seeds dont form inside an ovary four groups: conifers, ginkgos, cycads, gnetphytes
	Cycads	Most diverse during age of dinosaurs palm like appearance pollen-bearing and seed-bearing cones on different plants strobilus of female cycad
	Gnetophytes	gnetum, welwitschia, ephedra

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