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Universities » Nova Southeastern University (NS.. » CHEM - Chemistry » 1300 - General Chemistry I/Lab » Flash Cards

Chapter 1 - Flashcards

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Class:CHEM 1300 - General Chemistry I/Lab
Subject:Chemistry
University:Nova Southeastern University
Term:Winter 2011
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Atoms The submicroscopic particles that constitute the fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter. Most are found as molecules.
Molecules Two or more atoms joined in a specific geometric arrangement.
Hypothesis A tentative interpretation or explanation of the observations made.
Experiments Highly controlled procedures designed to generate such observations.
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Scientific Law A brief statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones.
Law of conservation of mass "In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed" -- Antoine Lavoisier
Theory One or more well-established hypotheses may for one. A scientific theory is a model for the way nature is and tries to explain not merely what nature does but why.
Atomic Theory Matter is composed of small, indestructible particles called atoms. Since these particles are merely rearranged in chemical changes (not created or destroyed), the total amount of mass remains the same. -- John Dalton
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Matter Anything that occupies space and has mass.
Mixture A substance composed of two ore more different types of atoms or molecules that can be combined in continuously variable proportions.
Element A substance that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances.
Compound A substance composed of two ore more elements in fixed, definite proportions. Compounds are more common to find than elements.
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Homogeneous Mixture Mixture with the same composition throughout.
Heterogeneous Mixture Where the composition of a mixture varies from one region to another, even distribution is not present.
Physical Changes Changes that alter only state or appearance, but not the composition.
Chemical Changes Changes that alter the composition of matter.
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Physical property One that a substance displays without changing its composition. Such as odor, taste, color, appearance, density , melting point, boiling point, cutting and crushing.
Chemical property One that a substance displays only by changing its composition via a chemical change. Such as, flammability, rusting, corrosiveness, acidity, toxicity and color changes.
Work Defined as the action of a force through a distance.
Energy The capacity to do work.
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Kinetic Energy The total energy of an object
Potential Energy The energy associated with its motion, the energy associated with its position or composition.
Thermal Energy The energy associated with the temperature of an object. Is a type of kinetic energy.
Law of conservation of energy Energy is neither created nor destroyed.
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Mass A measure of the quantity of matter within it
Weight A measure of the gravitational pull on the matter within it.
Intensive Property One that is independent of the amount of the substance.
Extensive Property one that depends on the amount of the substance.
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Density D= mass / volume
Sig Figs All nonzero digits are significant Zeroes between digits are significant Zeroes to the left of the first nonzero are not significant -- 0.0032 Trailing zeroes after a decimal point are significant Trailing zeroes before a decimal point and after are significant
Accuracy Refers to how close the measured value is to the actual value
Precision Refers to how close a series of measurements are to one another or how reproducible they are.
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 AtomsThe submicroscopic particles that constitute the fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter. Most are found as molecules.
 MoleculesTwo or more atoms joined in a specific geometric arrangement.
 HypothesisA tentative interpretation or explanation of the observations made.
 ExperimentsHighly controlled procedures designed to generate such observations.
 Scientific LawA brief statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones.
 Law of conservation of mass"In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed"
-- Antoine Lavoisier
 TheoryOne or more well-established hypotheses may for one. A scientific theory is a model for the way nature is and tries to explain not merely what nature does but why.
 Atomic TheoryMatter is composed of small, indestructible particles called atoms. Since these particles are merely rearranged in chemical changes (not created or destroyed), the total amount of mass remains the same.
-- John Dalton
 MatterAnything that occupies space and has mass.
 MixtureA substance composed of two ore more different types of atoms or molecules that can be combined in continuously variable proportions.
 ElementA substance that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances.
 CompoundA substance composed of two ore more elements in fixed, definite proportions. Compounds are more common to find than elements.
 Homogeneous MixtureMixture with the same composition throughout.
 Heterogeneous MixtureWhere the composition of a mixture varies from one region to another, even distribution is not present.
 Physical ChangesChanges that alter only state or appearance, but not the composition.
 Chemical ChangesChanges that alter the composition of matter.
 Physical propertyOne that a substance displays without changing its composition.
Such as odor, taste, color, appearance, density , melting point, boiling point, cutting and crushing.
 Chemical property One that a substance displays only by changing its composition via a chemical change. Such as, flammability, rusting, corrosiveness, acidity, toxicity and color changes.
 WorkDefined as the action of a force through a distance.
 Energy The capacity to do work.
 Kinetic EnergyThe total energy of an object
 Potential EnergyThe energy associated with its motion, the energy associated with its position or composition.
 Thermal EnergyThe energy associated with the temperature of an object. Is a type of kinetic energy.
 Law of conservation of energyEnergy is neither created nor destroyed.
 MassA measure of the quantity of matter within it
 WeightA measure of the gravitational pull on the matter within it.
 Intensive PropertyOne that is independent of the amount of the substance.
 Extensive Propertyone that depends on the amount of the substance.
 DensityD= mass / volume
 Sig FigsAll nonzero digits are significant
Zeroes between digits are significant
Zeroes to the left of the first nonzero are not significant -- 0.0032
Trailing zeroes after a decimal point are significant
Trailing zeroes before a decimal point and after are significant
 AccuracyRefers to how close the measured value is to the actual value
 PrecisionRefers to how close a series of measurements are to one another or how reproducible they are.
 Term 
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