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Universities » Grand Valley State University (G.. » CHM - Chemistry » 102 - Chemistry and Society » Flash Cards

(1) The Air We Breathe - Flashcards

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Class:CHM 102 - Chemistry and Society
Subject:Chemistry
University:Grand Valley State University
Term:Winter 2011
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PM10 Has an average diameter of 10um or less.
PM2.5 Also called fine particles, has an average diameter less than 2.5um.
MIcrometer (um) 10^-6 of a meter (m) and is sometimes simply referred to a micron.
Criteria Air Pollutants/ Criteria Pollutants -U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) -For each, the EPA has set permissible levels in the air based on their effects on human health and on the environment.
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Mixture A physical combination of two or more substances present in variable amounts.
Percent Means "parts per hundred" and is sometimes abbreviated as pph.
Parts Per Million 10000 times less (ppm)
Carbon Monoxide "the silent killer"
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Ozone Closely related to oxygen and has a sharp odor, such as around photo copiers..
Sulfer- Nitrogen Oxides Affect breathing. Mostly effects elderly and young children.
Particulate Matter or PM, least understood pollutants.
Risk Assessment Evaluating scientific data and making predictions in an organized manner about the probabilities of an occurance.
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Toxicity The intrinsic health hazard of a substance.
Exposure The amount of the substance encountered.
Microgram (um) is 10^-6, or a millionth of gram (g).
Ambient The outside air, that is, the air surrounding or encircling us.
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Scientific Notation A system for writing numbers as the product of a number and 10 raised to the appropriate power.
Parts Per Billion (ppb)
Troposphere The region of the atmosphere that lies directly above the surface of the Earth.
Stratosphere Region of the atmosphere above the troposphere that includes the ozone layer.
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Mesosphere Region of the atmosphere above an altitude of 50 km.
Elements Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler ones by chemical means.
Chemical Symbols one- or two-letter abbreviations for the elements.
Periodic Table An orderly arrangement of all the elements based on similarities in their properties.
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Groups Vertical columns.
Metals Are elements that are shiny and conduct electricity and heat well.
Nonmetals Elements that have varied appearances and don't conduct well.
Metalloids Fall on the lines between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table and do not fall cleanly into either group.
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Noble Gases Elements that are inert and do not readily undergo chemical reactions.
Compounds Pure substances made up two or more elements in a fixed, characteristic chemical combination.
Atoms Smallest unit of an element that can exist as a stable, independent entity.
Nanotechnology Refers to work at the atomic and molecular (nanometer) scale: 1 nanometer (nm) = 1 X 1-^-9 m.
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Molecule A fixed number of atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain spatial arrangement.
Chemical Formula Is a symbolic way to represent the elementary composition of a substance.
Diatomic Molecules Meaning that they contain two atoms per molecule.
Hydrocarbons Compounds of hydrogen and carbon.
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Combustion Is the rapid combination of oxygen with a substance.
Chemical Reaction A process whereby substances described as....reactants...
Reactants Are transformed into different substances called...products....
Products come from reactants
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Chemical Equation A representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas.
Law of Conservation of Matter and Mass: In a chemical reaction, matter and mass are conserved.
Aerosols Consist of particles, both liquid and solid, that remain suspended in air rather than setting out.
Catalytic Converters Devices installed in the exhaust stream to reduce emissions.
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Catalyst Is a chemical substance that participates in a chemical reaction and influences its rate without undergoing permanent change.
Volatile If it readily passes into the vapor phase.
Organic Compound If it contains mainly carbon and hydrogen.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Are vapors of incompletely burned gasoline molecules or fragments of these molecules.
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Green Chemistry Is the designing of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances.
Secondary Pollutant It is produced from chemical reactions among two or more other pollutants.
Carcinogenic Meaning capable of causing cancer.
Definition
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 PM10Has an average diameter of 10um or less.
 PM2.5Also called fine particles, has an average diameter less than 2.5um.
 MIcrometer(um) 10^-6 of a meter (m) and is sometimes simply referred to a micron.
 Criteria Air Pollutants/ Criteria Pollutants-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)

-For each, the EPA has set permissible levels in the air based on their effects on human health and on the environment.
 MixtureA physical combination of two or more substances present in variable amounts.
 PercentMeans "parts per hundred" and is sometimes abbreviated as pph.
 Parts Per Million10000 times less (ppm)
 Carbon Monoxide"the silent killer"
 OzoneClosely related to oxygen and has a sharp odor, such as around photo copiers..
 Sulfer- Nitrogen OxidesAffect breathing. Mostly effects elderly and young children.
 Particulate Matteror PM, least understood pollutants.
 Risk AssessmentEvaluating scientific data and making predictions in an organized manner about the probabilities of an occurance.
 ToxicityThe intrinsic health hazard of a substance.
 ExposureThe amount of the substance encountered.
 Microgram(um) is 10^-6, or a millionth of gram (g).
 AmbientThe outside air, that is, the air surrounding or encircling us.
 Scientific NotationA system for writing numbers as the product of a number and 10 raised to the appropriate power.
 Parts Per Billion(ppb)
 TroposphereThe region of the atmosphere that lies directly above the surface of the Earth.
 StratosphereRegion of the atmosphere above the troposphere that includes the ozone layer.
 Mesosphere Region of the atmosphere above an altitude of 50 km.
 ElementsSubstances that cannot be broken down into simpler ones by chemical means.
 Chemical Symbolsone- or two-letter abbreviations for the elements.
 Periodic TableAn orderly arrangement of all the elements based on similarities in their properties.
 GroupsVertical columns.
 MetalsAre elements that are shiny and conduct electricity and heat well.
 NonmetalsElements that have varied appearances and don't conduct well.
 MetalloidsFall on the lines between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table and do not fall cleanly into either group.
 Noble GasesElements that are inert and do not readily undergo chemical reactions.
 CompoundsPure substances made up two or more elements in a fixed, characteristic chemical combination.
 AtomsSmallest unit of an element that can exist as a stable, independent entity.
 NanotechnologyRefers to work at the atomic and molecular (nanometer) scale: 1 nanometer (nm) = 1 X 1-^-9 m.
 MoleculeA fixed number of atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain spatial arrangement.
 Chemical FormulaIs a symbolic way to represent the elementary composition of a substance.
 Diatomic MoleculesMeaning that they contain two atoms per molecule.
 HydrocarbonsCompounds of hydrogen and carbon.
 CombustionIs the rapid combination of oxygen with a substance.
 Chemical ReactionA process whereby substances described as....reactants...
 ReactantsAre transformed into different substances called...products....
 Productscome from reactants
 Chemical EquationA representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas.
 Law of Conservation of Matter and Mass:In a chemical reaction, matter and mass are conserved.
 AerosolsConsist of particles, both liquid and solid, that remain suspended in air rather than setting out.
 Catalytic ConvertersDevices installed in the exhaust stream to reduce emissions.
 CatalystIs a chemical substance that participates in a chemical reaction and influences its rate without undergoing permanent change.
 VolatileIf it readily passes into the vapor phase.
 Organic CompoundIf it contains mainly carbon and hydrogen.
 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)Are vapors of incompletely burned gasoline molecules or fragments of these molecules.
 Green ChemistryIs the designing of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances.
 Secondary PollutantIt is produced from chemical reactions among two or more other pollutants.
 CarcinogenicMeaning capable of causing cancer.
  Definition
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