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Universities » Western Carolina University (WCU.. » COMM - Communication » 201 - Intro to Speech Communicat.. » Flash Cards

Final Exam - Flashcards

Flashcard Deck Information

Class:	COMM 201 - Intro to Speech Communication
Subject:	Communication
University:	Western Carolina University
Term:	Unknown

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Proposition

The specific purpose of a persuasive speech is called the proposition.

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Persuasive Speaking

An attempt to induce a change in attitudes or behavior, through the cognitive (thought) and affective (feeling) processes.

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Persuasive Speaking Purpose

to change attitudes (convince) or behavior (actuate)

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Cognitive/Affective

Cognitive is addressed with evidence and Affective is with emotional appeals.

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Topical Persuasion Method

uses a list of reasons as main points that are supported by evidence, which in the outline appears as sub points

ex: I. Reason
A. evidence
B. evidence
II. Reason
A. evidence
etc...

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Problem-Solution Method

A method used in policy persuasions

ex: I. Prove there is a problem with the status quo
A. evidence
B. evidence
II. Propose Your Policy
III. Prove the Policy (II) will solve the Problem (I)

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Emotional (Affective) Appeals

Attempts to move people to action by playing on their feelings- for example, by making them feel happy, sad, insecure, or nostalgic- are emotional appeals.

Logical and Emotional appeals are often mixed in persuasive speeches in order to achieve the strongest outcome.

ex: mood affecting anecdote, visual aids, emotionally loaded vocabulary

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Logical (Cognitive) Appeals

Evidence and Factual Data

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Differences Between Speeches to Convince and Speeches to Actuate

Convince -> Attitudes
Actuate --> Behaviors

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3 Tests for Reasons (Main Points in Outline)

1) Does my reason prove my proposition?
2) Can this reason be supported by evidence?
3) Will it be effective on my audience?

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Steps for Actuation (4)

1) Make sure that the action is clear.
2) Make sure the audience understands how to do it.
3) Make it (the action) easy for them.
4) Motivate them

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Motivating Factors (4)

Reasons why people act:

1) offers a reward
2) cost is low, benefit is high
4) meets a need
5) meets a value

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Goal of Informative Speech

to increase the listener's knowledge

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3 Informative Speech Characteristics

1. clarity of meaning--precise wording, no ambiguity . clear organization.
2. balanced development--impartial, unbiased. Strive for a full understanding; let audience draw its own conclusions.
3. retention--remember. Methods: repetition (esp. main points & important info.); motivate (Relevance, usefulness); organized into a meaningful whole; visual aids; creativity; emphasis (transitions, inflection, volume, gestures)

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4 Modes of Delivery

extemporaneous, manuscript (written and read word-for-word on-delivery), memorized (prepared and committed to memory), impromptu (not very prepared, made at time of delivery)

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Specific Purpose

1. starts with an infinitive phrase (to + a verb) which reflects the general purpose (infinitive phrase)
2. one idea (avoid "and")
3. declarative--not a question
4. concise and carefully worded (clear and specific)

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Parts of the Speech: Introduction*

Introduction:
1.Attract audience's attention. Use a grabber: Humor, Startling statement, Rhetorical question, or a Quote
2.Create goodwill and credibility.
3. Set tone or mood.
4. Lead into the body.
Thesis statement, with optional preview of main points

Prepared after the body

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Parts of the Speech: Body*

Body: 3-5 main points, with support
Make the main points stand out clearly

The body is prepared BEFORE all other parts of the speech!

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Parts of the Speech: Conclusion*

Conclusion:
1.Signal that you are finishing, e.g."in conclusion," "so now," "thus," etc.
2.Reinforce central idea (thesis)
3.Lend final impetus. Use a kicker (clincher):
Quote, humor, challenge or appeal, ref. to intro,etc.

Leave a favorable impression and a sense of completeness.

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4 Organizational types of Outlines

1) chronological (begins at a particular time and continues forward or backward)
2) spatial (organized according to relationships in space)
3) topical (natural division of related topics)
4) problem-solution (first discusses a problem, then a solution)

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Persuasive Speech Organizational Patterns

Problem-Solution (policy persuasion)
Topical (any other type of persuasion)

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Proposition	The specific purpose of a persuasive speech is called the proposition.
Persuasive Speaking	An attempt to induce a change in attitudes or behavior, through the cognitive (thought) and affective (feeling) processes.
Persuasive Speaking Purpose	to change attitudes (convince) or behavior (actuate)
Cognitive/Affective	Cognitive is addressed with evidence and Affective is with emotional appeals.

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Topical Persuasion Method	uses a list of reasons as main points that are supported by evidence, which in the outline appears as sub points ex: I. Reason A. evidence B. evidence II. Reason A. evidence etc...
Problem-Solution Method	A method used in policy persuasions ex: I. Prove there is a problem with the status quo A. evidence B. evidence II. Propose Your Policy III. Prove the Policy (II) will solve the Problem (I)
Emotional (Affective) Appeals	Attempts to move people to action by playing on their feelings- for example, by making them feel happy, sad, insecure, or nostalgic- are emotional appeals. Logical and Emotional appeals are often mixed in persuasive speeches in order to achieve the strongest outcome. ex: mood affecting anecdote, visual aids, emotionally loaded vocabulary
Logical (Cognitive) Appeals	Evidence and Factual Data

Generated by

Koofers.com

Differences Between Speeches to Convince and Speeches to Actuate	Convince -> Attitudes Actuate --> Behaviors
3 Tests for Reasons (Main Points in Outline)	1) Does my reason prove my proposition? 2) Can this reason be supported by evidence? 3) Will it be effective on my audience?
Steps for Actuation (4)	1) Make sure that the action is clear. 2) Make sure the audience understands how to do it. 3) Make it (the action) easy for them. 4) Motivate them
Motivating Factors (4)	Reasons why people act: 1) offers a reward 2) cost is low, benefit is high 4) meets a need 5) meets a value

Generated by

Koofers.com

Goal of Informative Speech	to increase the listener's knowledge
3 Informative Speech Characteristics	1. clarity of meaning--precise wording, no ambiguity . clear organization. 2. balanced development--impartial, unbiased. Strive for a full understanding; let audience draw its own conclusions. 3. retention--remember. Methods: repetition (esp. main points & important info.); motivate (Relevance, usefulness); organized into a meaningful whole; visual aids; creativity; emphasis (transitions, inflection, volume, gestures)
4 Modes of Delivery	extemporaneous, manuscript (written and read word-for-word on-delivery), memorized (prepared and committed to memory), impromptu (not very prepared, made at time of delivery)
Specific Purpose	1. starts with an infinitive phrase (to + a verb) which reflects the general purpose (infinitive phrase) 2. one idea (avoid "and") 3. declarative--not a question 4. concise and carefully worded (clear and specific)

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Koofers.com

Parts of the Speech: Introduction*	Introduction: 1.Attract audience's attention. Use a grabber: Humor, Startling statement, Rhetorical question, or a Quote 2.Create goodwill and credibility. 3. Set tone or mood. 4. Lead into the body. Thesis statement, with optional preview of main points Prepared after the body
Parts of the Speech: Body*	Body: 3-5 main points, with support Make the main points stand out clearly The body is prepared BEFORE all other parts of the speech!
Parts of the Speech: Conclusion*	Conclusion: 1.Signal that you are finishing, e.g."in conclusion," "so now," "thus," etc. 2.Reinforce central idea (thesis) 3.Lend final impetus. Use a kicker (clincher): Quote, humor, challenge or appeal, ref. to intro,etc. Leave a favorable impression and a sense of completeness.
4 Organizational types of Outlines	1) chronological (begins at a particular time and continues forward or backward) 2) spatial (organized according to relationships in space) 3) topical (natural division of related topics) 4) problem-solution (first discusses a problem, then a solution)

Generated by

Koofers.com

Persuasive Speech Organizational Patterns

Problem-Solution (policy persuasion) Topical (any other type of persuasion)

Generated by

Koofers.com

List View: Terms & Definitions

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	Front	Back
	Proposition	The specific purpose of a persuasive speech is called the proposition.
	Persuasive Speaking	An attempt to induce a change in attitudes or behavior, through the cognitive (thought) and affective (feeling) processes.
	Persuasive Speaking Purpose	to change attitudes (convince) or behavior (actuate)
	Cognitive/Affective	Cognitive is addressed with evidence and Affective is with emotional appeals.
	Topical Persuasion Method	uses a list of reasons as main points that are supported by evidence, which in the outline appears as sub points ex: I. Reason A. evidence B. evidence II. Reason A. evidence etc...
	Problem-Solution Method	A method used in policy persuasions ex: I. Prove there is a problem with the status quo A. evidence B. evidence II. Propose Your Policy III. Prove the Policy (II) will solve the Problem (I)
	Emotional (Affective) Appeals	Attempts to move people to action by playing on their feelings- for example, by making them feel happy, sad, insecure, or nostalgic- are emotional appeals. Logical and Emotional appeals are often mixed in persuasive speeches in order to achieve the strongest outcome. ex: mood affecting anecdote, visual aids, emotionally loaded vocabulary
	Logical (Cognitive) Appeals	Evidence and Factual Data
	Differences Between Speeches to Convince and Speeches to Actuate	Convince -> Attitudes Actuate --> Behaviors
	3 Tests for Reasons (Main Points in Outline)	1) Does my reason prove my proposition? 2) Can this reason be supported by evidence? 3) Will it be effective on my audience?
	Steps for Actuation (4)	1) Make sure that the action is clear. 2) Make sure the audience understands how to do it. 3) Make it (the action) easy for them. 4) Motivate them
	Motivating Factors (4)	Reasons why people act: 1) offers a reward 2) cost is low, benefit is high 4) meets a need 5) meets a value
	Goal of Informative Speech	to increase the listener's knowledge
	3 Informative Speech Characteristics	1. clarity of meaning--precise wording, no ambiguity . clear organization. 2. balanced development--impartial, unbiased. Strive for a full understanding; let audience draw its own conclusions. 3. retention--remember. Methods: repetition (esp. main points & important info.); motivate (Relevance, usefulness); organized into a meaningful whole; visual aids; creativity; emphasis (transitions, inflection, volume, gestures)
	4 Modes of Delivery	extemporaneous, manuscript (written and read word-for-word on-delivery), memorized (prepared and committed to memory), impromptu (not very prepared, made at time of delivery)
	Specific Purpose	1. starts with an infinitive phrase (to + a verb) which reflects the general purpose (infinitive phrase) 2. one idea (avoid "and") 3. declarative--not a question 4. concise and carefully worded (clear and specific)
	Parts of the Speech: Introduction*	Introduction: 1.Attract audience's attention. Use a grabber: Humor, Startling statement, Rhetorical question, or a Quote 2.Create goodwill and credibility. 3. Set tone or mood. 4. Lead into the body. Thesis statement, with optional preview of main points Prepared after the body
	Parts of the Speech: Body*	Body: 3-5 main points, with support Make the main points stand out clearly The body is prepared BEFORE all other parts of the speech!
	Parts of the Speech: Conclusion*	Conclusion: 1.Signal that you are finishing, e.g."in conclusion," "so now," "thus," etc. 2.Reinforce central idea (thesis) 3.Lend final impetus. Use a kicker (clincher): Quote, humor, challenge or appeal, ref. to intro,etc. Leave a favorable impression and a sense of completeness.
	4 Organizational types of Outlines	1) chronological (begins at a particular time and continues forward or backward) 2) spatial (organized according to relationships in space) 3) topical (natural division of related topics) 4) problem-solution (first discusses a problem, then a solution)
	Persuasive Speech Organizational Patterns	Problem-Solution (policy persuasion) Topical (any other type of persuasion)

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