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flash cards exam 1 - Flashcards

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Class:CST 110 - Introduction to Communication
Subject:
University:Northern Virginia Community College
Term:Spring 2011
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what is communication governed by by rules. rules are developed by those involved in the interaction and by the culture in which the individuals are communicating. most people learn communication rules from experience, observing, and interacting with others
intrapersonal communication communication that occurs within yourself, including your thoughts and emotions. how you take in information or stimuli in your environment and make sense out of it.
interpersonal communication interacting with another person with attempt to mutally influence each other. purpose of managing relationships
Impersonal Communication when we treat people as objects. or when we respond to thier roles rather than to who they are as unique people.
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group collection of people who have a common goal, feel a sense of belonging to the group and influence each other
small group communication the process of creating meaning among 3 to about 15 people who share a common purpose.
dyad two interacting people
team coordinated group of people intentionally organized to work togeher to achieve a common goal
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Attitude a learned predisposition to respond to a person, object or idea in a favorable or unfavorable way
Beliefs the way in which you structure your understandingof reality. what is true and what is false.
Values enduring concepts of good and bad, right and wrong. Values can be difficult to identify because they are so central to who you are.
Material self component of self derived from physical elements that reflect who you are
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Social Self the variety of selves that appear in different situations and roles, reflected in interaction with others
Spiritual Self The component of self based on introspection about values, morals and beliefs
Self-Esteem Assessment of your worth or value as reflected in your perception of such things as your skill, abilitie, talents, and apperance
Self-concept clarity the extent to which beliefs about oneself are clearly and confidently identified and stable over time
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sex biological and physiological characteristics that make person femal or male
gender cultural construction that inculdes one's iological sex, psychological characteristics, attitudes about the sexes and sexual orientaion
Visualization imagining that you are performing a particular task in a certain way: a method of enhanching self-esteem
Reframing process of redefining events and experiences from a different point of view
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Perception Process: Stage one attention-perceiving stimuli in your environment
selection-choosing specific stimuli in your enviornment to focus on
Perception Process: Stage 2 Organization- converting information in to understable and efficient patterns that allow us to make sense of what we have observed
Perception Process: Stage 3 Interpretation- attaching meaning
Language a system of symbols (words or vocabulary) structured by grammer (rules and standards) and syntax (patterns in the arrangement of words) common to a community of people
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symbol word, sound gesture or visual image that represents a thought, concept, object, or experience
meaning a person's interpretation of a syumbl
bypassing communication problem that arises when the same words mean different things to different people
denotative meaning the restrictive or literal meaning of a word
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connotative meaning the personal and subjective meaning of a word.

example: a personal deff of a word
concrete meaning meaning that refers to something that can be percieved with one of the senses.

if we can see it, touch it, smell it, taste it, or hear it.
abstract meaning meaning that refers to something that cannot be perceived or experienced with one of the sense


the more abstract, the harder it is to understand

example: patriotism is abstract
Polarization tendency to describe things in extremes, as though no middle ground existed

ex: you either love me or you dont.
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nonverbal communication communication other than written or spoken language that creates meaning for someone

nonverbal messages are more believe then verbal messages
perception checking the skill of asking other observers or the person being observed whether your interpretation of his or her nonverbal behavior is accurate
hearing process of decoding sounds
listening complex process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to verbal and nonverbal messages, which involves selecting , attending, understanding, remembering, and responding
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how to improve listening stop: turn off competing messages
look: listen with your eyes
listen: understand both details and major ideas
listen actively
  1. give full attention to others
  2. focus on what is being said
  3. expand considerable energy participating in the listening process
  4. have an alert posture
  5. maintain much direct eye contact
Information-gathering interview an interview, such as an opinion poll, whose purpose is to seek information from another person
appraisal interview an interview during which a supervisor or employer shares information with an employee about his or her job performance
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problem-solving interview an interview such as a grievance or disciplinary ntervw that is designed to solve a problem
persuasion interview interview that attempts to change or reinfore attitudes, beliefs values, or behavior, such as a sales interview
job interview focused, structured conversation whose goal is to assess a persons credentials and skills for emplyment
communication the process of acting on information
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Factors affecting self esteem
  1. gender (male dominated cultures)
  2. social comparison (how well you do in certain task)
  3. self-expectations
  4. self-fulfilling prophecies
Strategies for enhancing self-esteem
  1. positive self talk
  2. visualize
  3. reframe
  4. develop honest relationship
  5. lose baggage
Nonverbal Communication is..
  1. culture bound
  2. rule governed
  3. ambiguous (difficult to interpret accurately)
  4. continuous (nonverbal messages flow from one situation to the next)
  5. Nonlinguistic (no regular vocab, grammar, and pattern)
  6. multi channeled (cues register sennses from a variety of sources simutaneously, but we can actually attend to only one cue at a time
communication is..
  1. inescapable
  2. irreversible
  3. complicated
  4. emphasizes content and relationships
  5. govern by rules
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why study communication
  1. improve employability
  2. improve relationships
  3. improve health
gunnysacking reminding someone of past mistakes
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 what is communication governed byby rules. rules are developed by those involved in the interaction and by the culture in which the individuals are communicating. most people learn communication rules from experience, observing, and interacting with others
 intrapersonal communicationcommunication that occurs within yourself, including your thoughts and emotions. how you take in information or stimuli in your environment and make sense out of it.
 interpersonal communicationinteracting with another person with attempt to mutally influence each other. purpose of managing relationships
 Impersonal Communicationwhen we treat people as objects. or when we respond to thier roles rather than to who they are as unique people.
 groupcollection of people who have a common goal, feel a sense of belonging to the group and influence each other
 small group communicationthe process of creating meaning among 3 to about 15 people who share a common purpose.
 dyadtwo interacting people
 teamcoordinated group of people intentionally organized to work togeher to achieve a common goal
 Attitudea learned predisposition to respond to a person, object or idea in a favorable or unfavorable way
 Beliefsthe way in which you structure your understandingof reality. what is true and what is false.
 Valuesenduring concepts of good and bad, right and wrong. Values can be difficult to identify because they are so central to who you are.
 Material selfcomponent of self derived from physical elements that reflect who you are
 Social Selfthe variety of selves that appear in different situations and roles, reflected in interaction with others
 Spiritual SelfThe component of self based on introspection about values, morals and beliefs
 Self-EsteemAssessment of your worth or value as reflected in your perception of such things as your skill, abilitie, talents, and apperance
 Self-concept claritythe extent to which beliefs about oneself are clearly and confidently identified and stable over time
 sexbiological and physiological characteristics that make person femal or male
 gendercultural construction that inculdes one's iological sex, psychological characteristics, attitudes about the sexes and sexual orientaion
 Visualizationimagining that you are performing a particular task in a certain way: a method of enhanching self-esteem
 Reframingprocess of redefining events and experiences from a different point of view
 Perception Process: Stage oneattention-perceiving stimuli in your environment
selection-choosing specific stimuli in your enviornment to focus on
 Perception Process: Stage 2Organization- converting information in to understable and efficient patterns that allow us to make sense of what we have observed
 Perception Process: Stage 3Interpretation- attaching meaning
 Languagea system of symbols (words or vocabulary) structured by grammer (rules and standards) and syntax (patterns in the arrangement of words) common to a community of people
 symbolword, sound gesture or visual image that represents a thought, concept, object, or experience
 meaninga person's interpretation of a syumbl
 bypassingcommunication problem that arises when the same words mean different things to different people
 denotative meaningthe restrictive or literal meaning of a word
 connotative meaningthe personal and subjective meaning of a word.

example: a personal deff of a word
 concrete meaningmeaning that refers to something that can be percieved with one of the senses.

if we can see it, touch it, smell it, taste it, or hear it.
 abstract meaningmeaning that refers to something that cannot be perceived or experienced with one of the sense


the more abstract, the harder it is to understand

example: patriotism is abstract
 Polarizationtendency to describe things in extremes, as though no middle ground existed

ex: you either love me or you dont.
 nonverbal communicationcommunication other than written or spoken language that creates meaning for someone

nonverbal messages are more believe then verbal messages
 perception checkingthe skill of asking other observers or the person being observed whether your interpretation of his or her nonverbal behavior is accurate
 hearingprocess of decoding sounds
 listeningcomplex process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to verbal and nonverbal messages, which involves selecting , attending, understanding, remembering, and responding
 how to improve listeningstop: turn off competing messages
look: listen with your eyes
listen: understand both details and major ideas
 listen actively
  1. give full attention to others
  2. focus on what is being said
  3. expand considerable energy participating in the listening process
  4. have an alert posture
  5. maintain much direct eye contact

 Information-gathering interviewan interview, such as an opinion poll, whose purpose is to seek information from another person
 appraisal interviewan interview during which a supervisor or employer shares information with an employee about his or her job performance
 problem-solving interviewan interview such as a grievance or disciplinary ntervw that is designed to solve a problem
 persuasion interviewinterview that attempts to change or reinfore attitudes, beliefs values, or behavior, such as a sales interview
 job interviewfocused, structured conversation whose goal is to assess a persons credentials and skills for emplyment
 communicationthe process of acting on information
 Factors affecting self esteem
  1. gender (male dominated cultures)
  2. social comparison (how well you do in certain task)
  3. self-expectations
  4. self-fulfilling prophecies

 Strategies for enhancing self-esteem
  1. positive self talk
  2. visualize
  3. reframe
  4. develop honest relationship
  5. lose baggage

 Nonverbal Communication is..
  1. culture bound
  2. rule governed
  3. ambiguous (difficult to interpret accurately)
  4. continuous (nonverbal messages flow from one situation to the next)
  5. Nonlinguistic (no regular vocab, grammar, and pattern)
  6. multi channeled (cues register sennses from a variety of sources simutaneously, but we can actually attend to only one cue at a time

 communication is..
  1. inescapable
  2. irreversible
  3. complicated
  4. emphasizes content and relationships
  5. govern by rules

 why study communication
  1. improve employability
  2. improve relationships
  3. improve health

 gunnysackingreminding someone of past mistakes
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