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Universities » Gwinnett Technical College (GTC).. » ECE - Early Childhood Care & Ed » 0103 - Human Growth & Developmen.. » Flash Cards

Chapter 1 Test - Flashcards

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Class:ECE 0103 - Human Growth & Development I
Subject:Early Childhood Care & Ed
University:Gwinnett Technical College
Term:Fall 2009
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Louise Brown Louise Joy Brown (born July 25, 1978, in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England) is the world's first baby to be conceived by in vitro fertilisation, or IVF.
Lifespan Development Field of Study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan
Cohort Group of people born around the same time
Continous Change gradual development, in which achievement at one level builds on those of provious levels
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Discontinuous Change development that occurs in distinct steps or stages, with each stage bringing about behavios that is assumed to be qualitatively different from behavior at earlier stages
Critical Period specific time during development when a particulat event had it's greatest consequences and the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli are necassary for development to proceed normally
Sensitive Periods a point in development when organisms are particularly suceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in the environments, but the absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences
maturation Predetermined unfolding of genetic information
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theories explanations and predictions concerning phenomina of interest, providing a fromework for understnading the relationships among an organized set of facts of principles
psychodynamic perspective approach that states behavior is motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts that are generally beyond peoples awareness and control
psychoanalytic theory theory proposed by frued that suggests that unconcious forces act to determine personality and behavior
psychosexual development according to freud, a series of stages that children pass through in which pleasure is focused on a paticular biological function and body part
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psychosocial development Erikson's stages of psychosocial development as articulated by Erik Erikson explain eight stages through which a healthily developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood. encompasses changes in our interactions with and understanding of one another as well as in our knowledge and understanding of ourselves as members of society
behavioral perspective approach that suggests that the keys to understanding development are abservable behavior and outside stimuli in the environment
classical conditioning type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimuli that normally does not brong about that type of reponse
operant conditioning form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or negative but its association
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behavior modifictaion formal techniques for promoting behavior and decreasing incidence of unwanted ones
social cognitive learning theories learning by observing the behavior of another person called a model
cognitive perspective approach that focuses on the processes that allow people to know, understand, and think about the world
Information processing approach modle that seeks to identify ways individuals take in, use, and store information alternative to piaget
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cognitive neuroscience approaches behavior approach that examines cognitive development through the lens of brain processes
humanistic perspective theory contending that people have a natural capacity to make decisions about their lives and control their behavior
contexual persoective theory that considers relationship between indeviduals and their physical, cognitive, personaloty, and social worlds
bioecological approach perspective suggesting that different levels of the environment simultaneously influence individuals
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sociocultural theory approach that emphasizes how cognitice development proceeds as a result of social interactions between embers of a culture
evolutionatry perspective theory that seeks to identify behavior that is a result of our generic inheritance from our ancestors
scientific method process of questions using careful controlled techniques that include systematic orderly observation and the collection of data
theories borad explanations and predictions about phenomena of interest
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hypothesis a prediction stated in a way that permits it to be tested
correlational research research that seeks to identify whether as association or relationship between two factors exists
experimantal research research designed to discover casual relationships between various factors
naturalistic observation a type of correlational study in which come naturally occurring behavior is observed without intervention in the situation
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case studies studies that involve extensive indepth interviews with a particular individual or small group of individuals
survey research type of study where a group of people chosen to represent some larger population are asked questions about their attitudes, behavior, or thinking on a given topic
psychophysiological methods research that focuses on the relationshop between phsysiological processes and behavior
experiment a process in which an investigator, called and experomentor, devises twp different experiences for participants
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independent variable variable that researchers manipulate in an experiment
dependent variable cariable that researchers measure in an experiment and experct to change as a result of the experimantal manipulation
sample group of participants chosen for the experiment
field study research investigation carried out in naturally occuring setting
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laboratory study research investigation conducted in a contraolled sttings ecplicitly designed to hold events constant
theoretical research research designed pecifically to test developmental explanation and expand scientific knowledge
applied research research meant to provide practical solutions to immediate problems
Longitudinal research research in which the behavior of one or more perticipants in a study is measure as they age
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cross-sectional research research in which people of different ages are compared at the same point in time
sequentional studies research in which researchers examine a number of defferent age groupd over several points in time
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 Louise BrownLouise Joy Brown (born July 25, 1978, in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England) is the world's first baby to be conceived by in vitro fertilisation, or IVF.
 Lifespan DevelopmentField of Study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan
 CohortGroup of people born around the same time
 Continous Changegradual development, in which achievement at one level builds on those of provious levels
 Discontinuous Changedevelopment that occurs in distinct steps or stages, with each stage bringing about behavios that is assumed to be qualitatively different from behavior at earlier stages
 Critical Periodspecific time during development when a particulat event had it's greatest consequences and the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli are necassary for development to proceed normally
 Sensitive Periodsa point in development when organisms are particularly suceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in the environments, but the absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences
 maturationPredetermined unfolding of genetic information
 theoriesexplanations and predictions concerning phenomina of interest, providing a fromework for understnading the relationships among an organized set of facts of principles
 psychodynamic perspectiveapproach that states behavior is motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts that are generally beyond peoples awareness and control
 psychoanalytic theorytheory proposed by frued that suggests that unconcious forces act to determine personality and behavior
 psychosexual developmentaccording to freud, a series of stages that children pass through in which pleasure is focused on a paticular biological function and body part
 psychosocial developmentErikson's stages of psychosocial development as articulated by Erik Erikson explain eight stages through which a healthily developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood. encompasses changes in our interactions with and understanding of one another as well as in our knowledge and understanding of ourselves as members of society
 behavioral perspectiveapproach that suggests that the keys to understanding development are abservable behavior and outside stimuli in the environment
 classical conditioningtype of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimuli that normally does not brong about that type of reponse
 operant conditioningform of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or negative but its association
 behavior modifictaionformal techniques for promoting behavior and decreasing incidence of unwanted ones
 social cognitive learning theorieslearning by observing the behavior of another person called a model
 cognitive perspectiveapproach that focuses on the processes that allow people to know, understand, and think about the world
 Information processing approachmodle that seeks to identify ways individuals take in, use, and store information alternative to piaget
 cognitive neuroscience approachesbehavior approach that examines cognitive development through the lens of brain processes
 humanistic perspectivetheory contending that people have a natural capacity to make decisions about their lives and control their behavior
 contexual persoectivetheory that considers relationship between indeviduals and their physical, cognitive, personaloty, and social worlds
 bioecological approachperspective suggesting that different levels of the environment simultaneously influence individuals
 sociocultural theoryapproach that emphasizes how cognitice development proceeds as a result of social interactions between embers of a culture
 evolutionatry perspectivetheory that seeks to identify behavior that is a result of our generic inheritance from our ancestors
 scientific methodprocess of questions using careful controlled techniques that include systematic orderly observation and the collection of data
 theoriesborad explanations and predictions about phenomena of interest
 hypothesisa prediction stated in a way that permits it to be tested
 correlational researchresearch that seeks to identify whether as association or relationship between two factors exists
 experimantal researchresearch designed to discover casual relationships between various factors
 naturalistic observationa type of correlational study in which come naturally occurring behavior is observed without intervention in the situation
 case studiesstudies that involve extensive indepth interviews with a particular individual or small group of individuals
 survey researchtype of study where a group of people chosen to represent some larger population are asked questions about their attitudes, behavior, or thinking on a given topic
 psychophysiological methodsresearch that focuses on the relationshop between phsysiological processes and behavior
 experimenta process in which an investigator, called and experomentor, devises twp different experiences for participants
 independent variablevariable that researchers manipulate in an experiment
 dependent variablecariable that researchers measure in an experiment and experct to change as a result of the experimantal manipulation
 samplegroup of participants chosen for the experiment
 field studyresearch investigation carried out in naturally occuring setting
 laboratory studyresearch investigation conducted in a contraolled sttings ecplicitly designed to hold events constant
 theoretical researchresearch designed pecifically to test developmental explanation and expand scientific knowledge
 applied researchresearch meant to provide practical solutions to immediate problems
 Longitudinal researchresearch in which the behavior of one or more perticipants in a study is measure as they age
 cross-sectional researchresearch in which people of different ages are compared at the same point in time
 sequentional studiesresearch in which researchers examine a number of defferent age groupd over several points in time
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