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Universities » Florida Gulf Coast University (F.. » GEOS - Geosciences » Oceanography » Flash Cards

Final - Flashcards

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Class:GEOS - Oceanography
Subject:Geosciences
University:Florida Gulf Coast University
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community group of organisms of the same species occupying a specific area
ecology the study of inter-relationships between the physical, chemical and biological aspects of the environment and how organisms adapt to their environment and alter it
distribution where organisms occur and why do they occur there
abundance how many
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interactions how and why organisms interact with other organisms and its environment
abiotic factors oxygen, temperature, salinity, light, nutrients, currents, pressure, substrate
biotic factors feeding relationships, competition, etc.
energy what every living organism requires
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sun ultimate source of energy
water, carbon dioxide, inorganic nutrients, sunlight factors that limit primary productivity
autotrophic self nourishing fixation of light energy, use of simple inorganic substances and build up of complex substances predominate; organisms that make their own food, called producers
heterotrophic utilization, rearrangement and decomposition of complex materials predominate, organisms that much consume other organisms for energy
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chemoautotroph production of food from inorganic molecules in the environment
120 grams amount of carbon fixed by a plant for square meter less than terrestial environment
size of organism increases with increasing trophic level
total biomass decreases with increasing trophic level
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stress use of energy to compensate for conditions outside the physiological optimal range
habitat where an organism lives, or the place where one would expect to find it
niche an organism's functional role in the physical space it occupies
no, PATTERNS! IS IT A CRAZY MIXED UP WORLD?
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Pelagic organisms live in the water column itself
benthos organisms epifauna: live on the bottom infauna: live within the bottom sediments
neritic zone includes all marine waters out to the point at which the continental shelf begins to drop off rapidly, or to a depth of 300 m.
oceanic zone open ocean water that begins in the area off shore where the water measures 200 meters deep or deeper
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epipelagic zone Any water in the sea that is not close to the bottom or to the shore
adaptations to keep afloat increase surface area, increasing stores of lipids, gas-filled floats in-or-out-side the body
avoiding predators well-developed sense of sigh, lateral line system, echolocation, developed protective covering, transparent, schooling, vertical migration
phytoplankters and zooplankters 2 main groups of plankton
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holoplankton spend their entire lives as plankton
meroplakton temporarily live as plankton
neuston plankton that lives only at the surface
pleuston break surface of water
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seston particles suspended in the sea
tripton non-living seston
copepods most abundant of zooplanktors, accounts for 70% of the individuals or 50% of the biomass of zooplankters
nekton live in the water column and are able to swim actively
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freshwater fish water gained by osmosis
saltwater fish water loss by osmosis
gills allow fish to be very active
benthos organisims live on, in or near the seabed
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vertical intertidal zonation result of the relationships of organisms and their tidal environment
anglosperms advanced vascular plants that reproduce with flowers and seeds: includes seagrasses and mangroves
holdfast holds alga to a rock doesn't absorb water or nutrients
thallus absorb nutrients through its walls
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chemoautotrophs base of the food web
overfishing most serious activity that threatens oceans
nutrient overenrichment (eutrophication) major cause of water pollution in the United States
Definition
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 communitygroup of organisms of the same species occupying a specific area
 ecologythe study of inter-relationships between the physical, chemical and biological aspects of the environment and how organisms adapt to their environment and alter it
 distributionwhere organisms occur and why do they occur there
 abundancehow many
 interactionshow and why organisms interact with other organisms and its environment
 abiotic factorsoxygen, temperature, salinity, light, nutrients, currents, pressure, substrate
 biotic factorsfeeding relationships, competition, etc.
 energywhat every living organism requires
 sunultimate source of energy
 water, carbon dioxide, inorganic nutrients, sunlightfactors that limit primary productivity
 autotrophicself nourishing
fixation of light energy, use of simple inorganic substances and build up of complex substances predominate; organisms that make their own food, called producers
 heterotrophicutilization, rearrangement and decomposition of complex materials predominate, organisms that much consume other organisms for energy
 chemoautotrophproduction of food from inorganic molecules in the environment
 120 gramsamount of carbon fixed by a plant for square meter

less than terrestial environment
 size of organismincreases with increasing trophic level
 total biomassdecreases with increasing trophic level
 stressuse of energy to compensate for conditions outside the physiological optimal range
 habitatwhere an organism lives, or the place where one would expect to find it
 nichean organism's functional role in the physical space it occupies
 no, PATTERNS!IS IT A CRAZY MIXED UP WORLD?
 Pelagic organismslive in the water column itself
 benthos organismsepifauna: live on the bottom
infauna: live within the bottom sediments
 neritic zoneincludes all marine waters out to the point at which the continental shelf begins to drop off rapidly, or to a depth of 300 m.
 oceanic zoneopen ocean water that begins in the area off shore where the water measures 200 meters deep or deeper
 epipelagic zoneAny water in the sea that is not close to the bottom or to the shore
 adaptations to keep afloatincrease surface area, increasing stores of lipids, gas-filled floats in-or-out-side the body
 avoiding predatorswell-developed sense of sigh, lateral line system, echolocation, developed protective covering, transparent, schooling, vertical migration
 phytoplankters and zooplankters2 main groups of plankton
 holoplanktonspend their entire lives as plankton
 meroplaktontemporarily live as plankton
 neustonplankton that lives only at the surface
 pleustonbreak surface of water
 sestonparticles suspended in the sea
 triptonnon-living seston
 copepodsmost abundant of zooplanktors, accounts for 70% of the individuals or 50% of the biomass of zooplankters
 nektonlive in the water column and are able to swim actively
 freshwater fishwater gained by osmosis
 saltwater fishwater loss by osmosis
 gillsallow fish to be very active
 benthos organisimslive on, in or near the seabed
 vertical intertidal zonationresult of the relationships of organisms and their tidal environment
 anglospermsadvanced vascular plants that reproduce with flowers and seeds: includes seagrasses and mangroves
 holdfastholds alga to a rock
doesn't absorb water or nutrients
 thallusabsorb nutrients through its walls
 chemoautotrophsbase of the food web
 overfishingmost serious activity that threatens oceans
 nutrient overenrichment(eutrophication)

major cause of water pollution in the United States
  Definition
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