INCORRECT
CORRECT
+0
Karma
Koofers
Working...
Final exam - Flashcards
Flashcard Deck Information
| Class: | NATS 104 - Biological Sciences |
| Subject: | NATURAL SCIENCES |
| University: | University of Arizona |
| Term: | Unknown |
- of -
-
INCORRECT
-
CORRECT
-
SKIPPED
Hide Keyboard shortcuts
Next card
Previous card
Mark correct
Mark incorrect
Flip card
Start Over
Shuffle
Mode:
CARDS
LIST
? pages
PRINT
PRINT
|
Which statement is FALSE concerning the field of nutrition?
|
Nutrition is an ancient science that dates back to the fourteenth century. |
|
AMDR
|
Recommended range of caloric intakes for the energy-yielding nutrients |
|
EER
|
Average energy intake recommended for energy balance in healthy adults |
|
RDA
|
Average daily nutrient intake level that meets or exceeds the need of 97 to 98% of healthy individuals |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
DRI
|
An updated set of nutritional reference values that apply to healthy people |
|
UL
|
Highest average daily nutrient intake level of a nutrient thought to be safe |
|
EAR
|
Average daily nutrient intake level that meets the needs of half of all healthy individuals |
|
AI
|
When an RDA has yet to be established, this daily nutrient value serves as the recommended adequate intake level |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Nutrient information required for food labels is based on an energy intake level of 2,000 calories a day.
True or False?
|
True |
|
Disease that is directly caused by a nutritional deficiency
|
Scurvy |
|
In most states, the term nutritionist has no definition or laws regulating it.
True or False?
|
True |
|
Carbohydrate-rich food
|
Wheat and lentils |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Minerals contain 4 kcal/gram.
True or False?
|
False |
|
Most energy dense nutrients
|
Fats |
|
Minerals
|
micronutrients found in a variety of foods |
|
Fat is an important energy source for muscles during low-intensity activity.
True or False?
|
True |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
The Nutrition Facts Panel on a box of crackers indicates that one serving provides 140 calories, with 55 calories coming from fa
|
39% |
|
Required on all food labels
|
Nutrition Facts Panel |
|
If one serving of lasagna has 38% of its calories coming from fat and 53% coming from carbohydrate, what percent of calories are
|
9% |
|
Four characteristics of a healthful diet
|
Adequacy, balance, moderation, and variety |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Organs that are grouped together to perform an integrated function.
|
Systems |
|
Hunger
|
a physiological desire to find food and eat. |
|
GI tract, Hypothalamus, Hormones
|
Regulators of satiety in the body |
|
Alcohol, stress, and spicy foods are the leading causes of peptic ulcers.
True or False?
|
False |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Probiotics
|
live microorganisms naturally found in or supplemented to food products |
|
Appropriate treatment approach for someone who has GERD
|
Lose weight and quit smoking |
|
In which organ does the majority of water absorption occur?
|
The large intestine |
|
Most instances of constipation are caused by intestinal bacteria.
T or F?
|
false |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Immediately after absorption, which circulatory system carries most of the fat-soluble nutrients?
|
lymphatic |
|
The most common symptom of GERD is chronic diarrhea.
T or F?
|
false |
|
Responding to the presence of fat in our meal, the gallbladder releases a substance called
|
Bile |
|
The brush border is located in the
|
small intestine |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Nutrient that is broken down chemically in the stomach
|
protein |
|
Salivary amylase is an
|
enzyme |
|
Most digestion and absorption occurs in the
|
small intestine |
|
The "powerhouses" of the cell that produces energy from food molecule are the
|
mitochondria |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
What snack would have a high satiety value?
|
piece of cheese |
|
A primary function of the mucus in the stomach is to
|
protect stomach cells from digestionis |
|
What is NOT a component of the gastric juices?
|
insulin |
|
Diabetes decreases an individual's risk for developing heart disease.
T or F?
|
false |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
The longer an individual exercises, the more ________ is used for energy
|
fat |
|
Yesterday Margie consumed 1,560 kcal. Her meals included a total of 50 grams of fat. What percentage of calories of her day's in
|
29% |
|
The vast majority of fat digestion and absorption occurs in the
|
small intestine |
|
Transport vehicles for most lipids in the blood
|
lipoproteins |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Diets high in trans fatty acids are associated with
|
increased blood cholesterol levels |
|
A fatty acid that contains no double bonds
|
saturated |
|
A Lipoprotein synthesized in the intestine to transport dietary fat to the body
|
Chylomicron |
|
Small lipoproteins that assist in removing cholesterol from body tissues for disposal
|
HDL |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Loose spherical structure of bile and phospholipids that assists in the absorption of dietary fat
|
Micelles |
|
most predominant dietary fat
|
triglyceride |
|
The three-carbon alcohol that serves as the backbone of a triglyceride molecule
|
glycerol |
|
The lipoprotein that delivers cholesterol to the body's cells
|
LDL |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Type I diabetes
|
Usually develops early in life (10-14 years) Autoimmune disease Insulin therapy is always needed High levels of blood glucose |
|
Type II diabetes
|
Associated with obesity More likely to develop after 45 years of age Increasing prevalence among children and adolescents Insulin insensitivity High levels of blood glucose |
|
Lactose intolerance is due
|
a deficiency in lactase |
|
The fiber that is manufactured and added to foods and fiber supplements
|
Funcional fiber |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Single units (molecules) of carbohydrates
|
monosaccharides |
|
enzymes, involved in breaking down carbohydrate, and found in the mouth
|
amylase |
|
The only non-plant source of carbohydrates are foods derived from
|
milk |
|
Gluconeogenesis
|
the synthesis of new glucose from amino acids |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
glycemic index
|
the potential of a given food to raise blood glucose |
|
associated with the development of ketosis
|
a diet that contains insufficient carbohydrate |
|
the storage form of carbohydrate in plants
|
starch |
|
Most of the cholesterol found in the body is made by the liver.
T or F?
|
true |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
storage form of carbohydrate in animals
|
glycogen |
|
Enterohepatic circulation involves carbohydrate absorption from the gut.
T or F?
|
false |
|
polysaccharide that cannot be digested by humans
|
fiber |
|
To reduce the tendency of constricting blood vessels, increased inflammation, and increased blood clotting, we need to consume _
|
omega 3 fatty acids |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
the primary source of energy for the body's cells
|
glucose |
|
carbohydrate found in milk
|
lactose |
|
diet high in trans fatty acids is known to increase ________ and decrease ________ levels.
|
LDL, HDL |
|
We need to consume essential fatty acids in the diet in order to be able to make
|
eicosanoids |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Muscle glycogen will release glucose into the bloodstream when blood glucose levels get low.
T or F?
|
false |
|
After amino acids are absorbed in the small intestine they are transported by the blood stream directly to the
|
liver |
|
The severe protein deficiency seen in toddlers when they are weaned from breast milk and fed a low protein diet causing a bloate
|
kwashiorkor |
|
Well-planned vegetarian diets can reduce the risk of what chronic diseases?
|
Obesity heart disease cancer |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
the waste product that forms when nitrogen is removed from the amine group during amino acid
|
urea |
|
The body stores excess protein primarily for energy reserves.
T or F?
|
false |
|
proteins that help maintain proper acid-base balance by attaching to or releasing hydrogen ions
|
buffers |
|
Proteases
|
enzymes that breakdown polypeptides |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
complete protein
|
contains all 9 essential amino acids |
|
the only complete vegetable protein
|
soy |
|
denaturation
|
a chemical reaction that causes a protein to lose its shape and function |
|
In the absence of adequate dietary carbohydrate the body can breakdown protein to provide glucose to the brain by a process know
|
gluconeogenesis |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
The proteins that help are part of the immune system and defend the body against bacteria, toxins and allergens
|
antibodies |
|
Associated with times of famine, ________ is a type of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by a general lack of energy a
|
marasmus |
|
NOT typically a nutrient of concern for vegans
|
vitamin C |
|
Jorge is a reasonably healthy 21-year-old college student who is sedentary. He is 5' 11" tall and weighs 175 pounds. How many gr
|
64 grams |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
The process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein
|
mutual supplementation |
|
In the stomach, proteins are broken down into smaller peptides
|
pepsin |
|
NOT a protein hormone
|
testosterone |
|
causes tertiary structure and gives each amino acid its distinct shape and function
|
side chain |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
a source of complete proteins
|
chicken |
|
Research studies have demonstrated an association between a reduced risk of cancer and
|
increased consumption of fruits and vegetables |
|
B-complex vitamins involved in the metabolism of fatty acids?
|
pantothenic acid |
|
All antioxidants are fat-soluble.
T or F?
|
false |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Vitamin B12 is essential for the proper functioning of
|
nerve cells |
|
Folate deficiency during pregnancy is associated with
|
neural tube defects |
|
vitamin B6 supplements been used to treat what condition?
|
PMS |
|
There are no known side effects associated with consuming large amounts of vitamin K from supplements or food.
T or F?
|
true |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Thiamin is often toxic when consumed in excess.
T or F?
|
false |
|
The role of vitamin A in the body involves
|
cell differentiation |
|
Diseases that cause the malabsorption of fat can result in a deficiency of
|
Vitamin A Vitamin E |
|
The doctor has recently told Julie that her iron stores are low. Julie should consume ________ with her iron supplement to incre
|
a glass of orange juice |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Megadoses of niacin are used to treat
|
unhealthy blood lipid levels |
|
Using a sunscreen can inhibit the synthesis of vitamin D.
T or F?
|
true |
|
improving the absorption of vitamin C if dietary intake is low is a function of Vitamin E
T or F?
|
false |
|
Vitamin K's primary role in the body
|
blood clotting |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Where do humans obtain vitamin D?
|
diet and sunlight |
|
micronutrients that contain carbon and assist us in regulating our bodies' processes
|
vitamins |
|
________ results from a vitamin D deficiency during adulthood
|
osteomalacia |
|
A highly unstable atom with an unpaired electron in its outermost shell
|
free radical |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Diets rich in folate and vitamin B12 are associated with elevated blood levels of the amino acid homocysteine
T or F?
|
false |
|
Eighty (80) proof liquor contains ________% alcohol
|
40 |
|
Sodium is associated with chronic disease and therefore is not an essential nutrient necessary for human health. T or F?
|
false |
|
mineral that helps the antioxidant activity of vitamin E in the cell membrane
|
selenium |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Steve drinks three beers. Each contains 12 grams of alcohol. How many kilocalories from alcohol does Bob consume?
|
252 kcal |
|
the most abundant mineral in our body
|
calcium |
|
Chromium assists in ________ uptake
|
glucose |
|
The degree to which the body can absorb and use any given nutrient
|
bioavailability |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
The body produces water as a metabolic byproduct which contributes to the âwater-inâ vs the âwater-outâ in t
|
true |
|
______ is a diuretic
|
alcohol |
|
____is a potentially fatal condition characterized by the failure of the body's heat-regulating mechanisms
|
heatstroke |
|
Both excessive and insufficient intakes of zinc can impair immune function.
T or F?
|
true |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Water freely moves across cell membranes.
T or F?
|
true |
|
A diet rich in potassium has been shown to help maintain a healthy blood pressure.
T or F?
|
true |
|
Moderate alcohol consumption has been linked with a reduced risk of
|
cardiovascular disease |
|
The MPF factor
|
a special factor found in meat, fish, and poultry that enhances iron absorption |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
organ primarily responsible for maintaining fluid balance
|
kidney |
|
The ability of a muscle to contract and relax is dependent on the flow of ________ in and out of the muscle cell
|
calcium |
|
the primary reason we sweat
|
to regulate body temperature |
|
the mineral found in tea to help strengthen bone and teeth
|
fluoride |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
consequences of fetal alcohol syndrome
|
cognitive impairment impaired growth facial deformities |
|
Iodine is essential for the synthesis of ________ hormones
|
thyroid |
|
Hyponatremia is associated with
|
overhydration |
|
Alcohol provides ________ kcal/gram
|
7 |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
nutrients that increases the absorption rate of calcium
|
vitamin D |
|
The oxygen-carrying protein found in our red blood cells
|
hemoglobin |
|
a likely result if the concentration of electrolytes outside a cell is higher than that of the intracellular environment
|
the cell will become dehydrated |
|
Non-heme iron is in both plant-based and animal-based foods.
T or F?
|
true |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Lean individuals have a higher percentage of body water than fat individuals.
T or F?
|
true |
|
groups that are the MOST vulnerable to dehydration
|
infants and elderly |
|
When blood volume decreases, blood pressure increases.
T or F?
|
false |
|
age in which bone resorption generally begin to occur more rapidly than bone formation
|
40 years |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
________% of an adult's healthy body weight is fluid
|
50-70 |
|
Bottled water is always safer to drink than tap water.
T or F?
|
false |
|
The majority of dietary chloride is consumed from
|
table salt |
|
The majority of the body's fluid is found
|
within the cells |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
A goiter is the result of ______ deficiency
|
iodine |
|
Less than fifty percent of Americans with osteoporosis are women.
T or F?
|
false |
|
the stage in the development of cancer in which the DNA mutated
|
initiation |
|
Trabecular bone typically suffers more calcium loss during inadequate dietary calcium consumption compared to cortical bone. T o
|
true |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
Hard water is considered hypertensive because it contains a lot of sodium and very little calcium.
T or F?
|
false |
|
Body Mass Index correlates with body fatness with all people.
T or F?
|
false |
|
activity MOST effective to improve muscular strength
|
weight lifting |
|
Amino acids are the primary fuel source utilized in both anaerobic and aerobic exercise.
T or F?
|
false |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
the greatest storage of potential energy in the body
|
body fat |
|
overload principle
|
improving fitness by placing extra physical demand on the body |
|
Very low calorie diets are the most successful diet for weight loss with people looking to lose 10 lbs of fat.
T or F?
|
false |
|
FIT
|
frequency, intensity, time |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
For an exercise program to be beneficial you should feel some pain.
T or F?
|
false |
|
exercise in which CP (creatine phosphate) be an important source of energy
|
sprinting in a 100-meter race |
|
More than 60% of our nationâs adult population is overweight or obese.
T or F?
|
true |
|
protein hormone produced by the fat cells that signal satiety to reduce food intake
|
leptin |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
The method to measure cardiovascular fitness
|
VO2 max |
|
body composition assessment technique that can be influenced by hydration status
|
BIA |
|
physiological effects of regular physical activity
|
maintains/increases lean body mass enhances gastric motility increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL- good cholesterol) |
|
The energy expended due to physical activity accounts for the majority of our total energy output each day.
T or F?
|
false |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
The amount of ATP stored in a muscle cell will fuel the muscle's activity for
|
1-3 seconds |
|
The minimum fluid replacement recommendation after exercise is 1 cup of fluid for every pound lost during exercise. T or F?
|
false |
|
When oxygen is available and the cell needs energy, glucose will
|
enter the mitochondria and make a total of 38 ATP |
|
the body's major fuel source at rest
|
fat |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
The fastest way to replenish glycogen stores is to eat carbohydrate
|
within 15 minutes after exercise |
|
carbohydrate loading be the most beneficial in what event?
|
cross country skiing |
|
The human body can store an unlimited amount of glycogen.
T or F?
|
false |
|
The leaness measure that also can measure bone density
|
DEXA |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
the best fluid replacement for events lasting longer than one hour
|
sports drink |
|
Lactic acid is a by-product of high-intensity exercise.
T or F?
|
true |
|
the cause of sports anemia
|
increased blood volume |
|
Regular physical activity can indirectly increase basal metabolic rates.
|
true |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
improved athletic performance based on the belief that a product is beneficial although the product has been proved to have no p
|
the placebo effect |
|
the primary mechanism by which the human body dissipates heat
|
evaporative cooling |
|
The best way to stimulate growth of skeletal muscle is to eat a high-protein diet.
T or F?
|
false |
|
The three components of total energy expenditure
|
basal metabolic rate physical activity the thermic effect of food. |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
In order to completely burn fat as fuel, you must have some glucose available in the metabolic cycle.
T or F?
|
true |
|
An apple-shaped fat pattern increases a person's risk for
|
diabetes mellitus heart disease |
|
About ________% of our total energy output is attributable to basal metabolism.
|
60-75 |
|
The amount of energy expended by the body in digesting, absorbing, transporting, metabolizing, and storing nutrients
|
the thermic effect of food |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
|
skeletal muscle adaptations to cardiovascular fitness
|
increased myoglobin increased mitochondria intramuscular triglyceride stores |
|
The Cori Cycle involves the metabolism of this macronutrient
|
glucose |
|
By detecting and responding to the body's physiological signals, the ________ is the part of the body in control of hunger regul
|
hypothalamus |
|
Body mass index is determined from
|
the ratio of an individual's body weight to their height |
Generated by
Koofers.com
Koofers.com
List View: Terms & Definitions
© Copyright 2012 , Koofers, Inc. All rights reserved.
The information provided on this site is protected by U.S. and International copyright law, and other applicable intellectual property laws, including laws covering data access and data compilations. This information is provided exclusively for the personal and academic use of students, instructors and other university personnel. Use of this information for any commercial purpose, or by any commercial entity, is expressly prohibited. This information may not, under any circumstances, be copied, modified, reused, or incorporated into any derivative works or compilations, without the prior written approval of Koofers, Inc.