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Exam 2: P.O. & Political Culture - Flashcards

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Class:Pol 101 - Introduction to American Politics
Subject:Political Science
University:University of Mississippi Main Campus
Term:Fall 2010
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Classic/Traditional democratic theory -an Informed Public Transmits its thoughts and ideals to those in Power Public is supposed to - Well informed on the issues and the candidates - Vote for candidates based on their isssue stance - Continue to relay its preference to congress - Vocal about concerns Congres should... - feel constrained by public opinion
Aggregating Interests - collect and organize interests
Ideology is a set of ideas that constitutes one's goals, expectations, and actions.
liberalism Liberalism is the belief in the importance of INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY and EQUAL RIGHTS.
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Reliability of Public Opinion Polls - serve as a much better indicator of what the general public is thinking - ask a sample of the population opinions.... that are in fact accurate
Political culture traditional orientation of the citizens of a nation toward politics, affecting their perceptions of political legitimacy.
Potential Problems of Public Opinion Polls - not the size, rather that the sample size isn't biased Potential Problems a.) Can create an illusion about public opinion ( Metallic Minerals Act) - didn't exsist b.) Variations in question wording - transmition of political people c.) Who did it
Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that stresses "the moral worth of the individual".
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Revising traditional democratic theory
Why Public Opinion Ought to matter It has a chance to move the government in one way or the other.
Why Public Opinion does Matter because it has an impact on what policy is made and who is represented
Tolerance as a Political Value - pre-requisite for compromise - respect for others opinion - provide oil to keep the democratic machinery running ****** The more educated... usually the more tolerant
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Sources of division in Public Opinion -Self- Interest - Ideology - Education - Age - Gender - Race and ethnicity - Religion - Graphical Region
Opinion Leaders -People who know more about certain topics than we do and whose advice we trust, seek out, and follow.
Survey Question Wording - a problem in Public Opinion Polls - can affect results - how pollsters construct questions can affect what is treated as public opinon... and there on what is transmitted to officials and ultimately to public policy.
Implantation of an Uninformed Public - the public simply does not tend to be informed on many important issues of the day, even ones that effect them fundamentally .................LEAVES THEM Open to influence and manipulate
Generated by Koofers.com
Effects of Background on Public Opinion - we find political leaders trying to influence public opinions -people may be willing to defer to the wishes of the president - the public's overall lack of knowledge abouth the issues means we can give the public broad symbols to evaluate specific issues
Political Socialization - a concept concerning the -study of the developmental processes by which children and adolescents acquire political cognition, attitudes and behaviors.
Agents of Political Socialization - Family - Schools and Education - Groups - Political and Social Events
Liberal Party - people who generally favor government action and view change as progress.
Generated by Koofers.com
Moderate Party - not extreme democrats or republicans, can relate with both sides and are kind of stuck in between parties.
Conservative Party - people who generally favor limited government and are cautious about change - Lean more towards the republican wing
Articulating interests Convey and relate interest
Party identification as a perceptual screen -help voters evaluate political messages that they care constantly bombarded with....... -party identification actually affects how we view the political world --- can perhaps be said to give us a skewed view
Generated by Koofers.com
Reasons for the two-party system -ultimately to win seats and influence policy - a direct relationship between votes won and seats in the legistlature
Implications/effects of a two party system -Since only the party with the most votes wins, there is a great incentive to form broad coalitions ... HOW YOU GET THE MOST VOTES? appeal to the most people in your party and pull in questionables..... -narrowly based minor party
Differences between the parties - give a competitive balance
party platform , is a list of the actions which a political party supports in order to appeal to the general public for the purpose of having said party's candidates voted into office.
Generated by Koofers.com
Impacts of party identification - ultimately will determine what that person or persons will vote for.
Functions of political parties (what do parties do? Electioneering: invovlves recruiting and nominating candidates, defining policy agendas and getting candidates elected. Governing: controlling the government by organizing and providing leadership for the legistlative and/or executive branches and enacting the party's policy agendas.
Factions as divisive forces Definition
Parties as being necessary for democracy Political Linkage- linkage between voters and elected officials, helping to tell voters what candidates stand for and providing a way for voters to hold their official accountable Help with fragmentation of powers in government A voive for opposition
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Distrust of parties
Plurality v. Proportional Election mechanism Definition
Party structure – decentralized and stratarchy Definition
Importance of forming coalitions/building majorities Definition
Generated by Koofers.com
Electoral need for parties to be inclusive Definition
Potential of parties to overcome fragmenting forces Definition
Party identification as a psychological attachment will result in party identification .... which adds a strong element of stability to the system.
party organization the official structure that conducts the political business of parties.
Generated by Koofers.com
party in government compromises all the candidates for national, state, and local office who have been elected. members of the party who have been elected to serve in government.
party in the electorate ordinary citizen who identify with a party
responsible party model / National Party Oranization \ / State Party Organizations \ / Local Party Organizations \ / Party Members \
policy differences between the parties Definition
Generated by Koofers.com
forces drawing parties together/pulling them apart Definition
party identification Definition
Critical Realignment an election signaling a significant change in popular allegiance from one party to another.
Secular Realignment Definition
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Emerging Democratic Majority? Definition
Need for a third party? Definition
Tea Party Movement The Tea Party movement is a political movement in the United States that emerged in 2009 through a series of locally and nationally coordinated protests. believe in little spending, smaller federal government, power resided more in the states than in federal, religion, extreme convaticism
Party Activists the "party faithful" , the rank-and-file members who actually carry out the party's electioneering efforts
Generated by Koofers.com
Media - No definition Just NEW Section Definition
Concentration of News Sources FOXX, NBC, CBS .... all centered around political views
Concentrated Corporate Power Definition
Horse Race Journalism refers to the media's tendency to see politics as competition between individuals. Rather than reporting on the policy difference between politicians or the effects their proposals will have on ordinary Americans.
Generated by Koofers.com
Pack Journalism Pack journalism is an often derogatory term used to describe the tendency of news reporting to become shortened and not lengthy( Ultimately So people will read)
Media as a Business Definition
Does the Media Help Create an Informed Electorate Definition
Lack of Diversity in News Definition
Generated by Koofers.com
Negative Bias in the Media
General Ideological Bias in the Media? Definition
Media and Agenda Setting (the shaping of Public Opinion) is the stories and news they choose to run and where and how they choose to air it........ The Public then chooses whether or not to give it attention the more attention from the public it recieves the longer it will stay updated and on air.
Ideological bias in the Media scientist say the more educated a person is the more liberal they tend to be. Most journalists and women are democrats. studies show that it has little real effect; there is no discernible corporate an commercial bias
Generated by Koofers.com
Selection Bias in the Media Definition
Media as "fourth branch" of Government - Has the power to convince and persuade a general public due to its popularity.
Theoretical Role of Media in Democracy
Media Focus on Sensationalism over Substance - very true because the human interest in society is very short lived
Generated by Koofers.com
Media Giving Us Information we Want v. What we Need - Once again human interest, Politicians are always thinking about hat their potentcial voters want to hear and want him to stand in the general publics eyes.... over what we may not know and can choose to leave out the bad and the ugly.
Nature of the Media and its Impact on the Information we recieve -They have the power to put something in, take it out, edit it. etc... .Therefore we may percieve a person differently due the fact we were constrayed by the media by their rational they give of the person on air.
Media as a For-Profit Enterprise/ big business, and the implications of this - Many times sensationalism is added to a topic or policy when reporting to gain human intrest amongst the public which could be a problem because most of our public opinion and view on policy is taken from the media.
The Relationship Between Reporters and those they Cover and implications Usually candidate try and keep a healthy relationship with the press... Along with keeping them well informed on policy stance and news coverages they want to reach the public... They try and not constray these to offensively due to the fact that the moderate voters matter too.
Generated by Koofers.com
Roles that Journalists can Play Gate- Keeper: decide what news gets covered(or not) and how. Disseminators: getting to the facts of the story straight and moving the new out to the public quickly, avoiding stories with unverified content, and reaching as wide of an audience as possible. Interpretive/Investigators: reaction to criticism. Public mobilizers: develop the cultural and intellectual interest of the public, set the agenda, and let people express their views,
Framing the way the media focuses on a particular side or part of a story to gain the attention and influence the public's perception of the story.
Priming the way in which the Media's Emphasis on a particular characteristics of people, events,, or issues influences the public's perception of those people,events, or issues.
Media Effects and Selective Perception - you naturally choose what you want to side with or claim to hear and what you don't.... This usually come into play with party identification and public policy.
Generated by Koofers.com
Consequences of Emphasis on Conflict and Image Definition
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 Classic/Traditional democratic theory-an Informed Public Transmits its thoughts and ideals to those in Power
Public is supposed to
- Well informed on the issues and the candidates
- Vote for candidates based on their isssue stance
- Continue to relay its preference to congress
- Vocal about concerns
Congres should...
- feel constrained by public opinion
 Aggregating Interests- collect and organize interests
 Ideology is a set of ideas that constitutes one's goals, expectations, and actions.
 liberalismLiberalism is the belief in the importance of INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY and EQUAL RIGHTS.
 Reliability of Public Opinion Polls- serve as a much better indicator of what the general public is thinking

- ask a sample of the population opinions.... that are in fact accurate
 Political culture traditional orientation of the citizens of a nation toward politics, affecting their perceptions of political legitimacy.
 Potential Problems of Public Opinion Polls - not the size, rather that the sample size isn't biased
Potential Problems
a.) Can create an illusion about public opinion
( Metallic Minerals Act) - didn't exsist
b.) Variations in question wording
- transmition of political people
c.) Who did it
 Individualismis the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that stresses "the moral worth of the individual".
 Revising traditional democratic theory 
 Why Public Opinion Ought to matter It has a chance to move the government in one way or the other.
 Why Public Opinion does Matter because it has an impact on what policy is made and who is represented
 Tolerance as a Political Value- pre-requisite for compromise

- respect for others opinion

- provide oil to keep the democratic machinery running
****** The more educated... usually the more tolerant
 Sources of division in Public Opinion-Self- Interest
- Ideology
- Education
- Age
- Gender
- Race and ethnicity
- Religion
- Graphical Region
 Opinion Leaders-People who know more about certain topics than we do and whose advice we trust, seek out, and follow.
 Survey Question Wording- a problem in Public Opinion Polls

- can affect results

- how pollsters construct questions can affect what is treated as public opinon... and there on what is transmitted to officials and ultimately to public policy.
 Implantation of an Uninformed Public- the public simply does not tend to be informed on many important issues of the day, even ones that effect them fundamentally
.................LEAVES THEM Open to influence and manipulate
 Effects of Background on Public Opinion- we find political leaders trying to influence public opinions

-people may be willing to defer to the wishes of the president

- the public's overall lack of knowledge abouth the issues means we can give the public broad symbols to evaluate specific issues
 Political Socialization- a concept concerning the -study of the developmental processes by which children and adolescents acquire political cognition, attitudes and behaviors.
 Agents of Political Socialization- Family
- Schools and Education
- Groups
- Political and Social Events
 Liberal Party- people who generally favor government action and view change as progress.
 Moderate Party- not extreme democrats or republicans, can relate with both sides and are kind of stuck in between parties.
 Conservative Party- people who generally favor limited government and are cautious about change

- Lean more towards the republican wing
 Articulating interestsConvey and relate interest
 Party identification as a perceptual screen-help voters evaluate political messages that they care constantly
bombarded with.......

-party identification actually affects how we view the political
world --- can perhaps be said to give us a skewed view
 Reasons for the two-party system-ultimately to win seats and influence policy

- a direct relationship between votes won and seats in the legistlature
 Implications/effects of a two party system-Since only the party with the most votes wins, there is a great incentive to form broad coalitions
... HOW YOU GET THE MOST VOTES?
appeal to the most people in your party and pull in questionables.....
-narrowly based minor party
 Differences between the parties- give a competitive balance
 party platform, is a list of the actions which a political party supports in order to appeal to the general public for the purpose of having said party's candidates voted into office.
 Impacts of party identification- ultimately will determine what that person or persons will vote for.
 Functions of political parties (what do parties do?Electioneering: invovlves recruiting and nominating candidates, defining policy agendas and getting candidates elected.

Governing: controlling the government by organizing and providing leadership for the legistlative and/or executive branches and enacting the party's policy agendas.
 Factions as divisive forcesDefinition
 Parties as being necessary for democracyPolitical Linkage- linkage between voters and elected officials, helping to tell voters what candidates stand for and providing a way for voters to hold their official accountable

Help with fragmentation of powers in government

A voive for opposition
 Distrust of parties 
 Plurality v. Proportional Election mechanismDefinition
 Party structure – decentralized and stratarchyDefinition
 Importance of forming coalitions/building majoritiesDefinition
 Electoral need for parties to be inclusiveDefinition
 Potential of parties to overcome fragmenting forcesDefinition
 Party identification as a psychological attachmentwill result in party identification .... which adds a strong element of stability to the system.
 party organizationthe official structure that conducts the political business of parties.
 party in governmentcompromises all the candidates for national, state, and local office who have been elected.

members of the party who have been elected to serve in government.
 party in the electorateordinary citizen who identify with a party
 responsible party model / National Party Oranization \

/ State Party Organizations \

/ Local Party Organizations \

/ Party Members \

 policy differences between the partiesDefinition
 forces drawing parties together/pulling them apartDefinition
 party identification Definition
 Critical Realignmentan election signaling a significant change in popular allegiance from one party to another.
 Secular RealignmentDefinition
 Emerging Democratic Majority? Definition
 Need for a third party?Definition
 Tea Party Movement The Tea Party movement is a political movement in the United States that emerged in 2009 through a series of locally and nationally coordinated protests.

believe in little spending, smaller federal government, power resided more in the states than in federal, religion, extreme convaticism
 Party Activiststhe "party faithful" , the rank-and-file members who actually carry out the party's electioneering efforts
 Media - No definition Just NEW SectionDefinition
 Concentration of News SourcesFOXX, NBC, CBS

.... all centered around political views
 Concentrated Corporate PowerDefinition
 Horse Race Journalismrefers to the media's tendency to see politics as competition between individuals.

Rather than reporting on the policy difference between politicians or the effects their proposals will have on ordinary Americans.
 Pack JournalismPack journalism is an often derogatory term used to describe the tendency of news reporting to become shortened and not lengthy( Ultimately So people will read)
 Media as a BusinessDefinition
 Does the Media Help Create an Informed ElectorateDefinition
 Lack of Diversity in NewsDefinition
 Negative Bias in the Media 
 General Ideological Bias in the Media? Definition
 Media and Agenda Setting (the shaping of Public Opinion)is the stories and news they choose to run and where and how they choose to air it........ The Public then chooses whether or not to give it attention the more attention from the public it recieves the longer it will stay updated and on air.
 Ideological bias in the Mediascientist say the more educated a person is the more liberal they tend to be. Most journalists and women are democrats.

studies show that it has little real effect; there is no discernible

corporate an commercial bias
 Selection Bias in the Media Definition
 Media as "fourth branch" of Government- Has the power to convince and persuade a general public due to its popularity.
 Theoretical Role of Media in Democracy 
 Media Focus on Sensationalism over Substance- very true because the human interest in society is very short lived
 Media Giving Us Information we Want v. What we Need- Once again human interest, Politicians are always thinking about hat their potentcial voters want to hear and want him to stand in the general publics eyes.... over what we may not know and can choose to leave out the bad and the ugly.
 Nature of the Media and its Impact on the Information we recieve-They have the power to put something in, take it out, edit it. etc... .Therefore we may percieve a person differently due the fact we were constrayed by the media by their rational they give of the person on air.
 Media as a For-Profit Enterprise/ big business, and the implications of this- Many times sensationalism is added to a topic or policy when reporting to gain human intrest amongst the public which could be a problem because most of our public opinion and view on policy is taken from the media.
 The Relationship Between Reporters and those they Cover and implicationsUsually candidate try and keep a healthy relationship with the press... Along with keeping them well informed on policy stance and news coverages they want to reach the public... They try and not constray these to offensively due to the fact that the moderate voters matter too.
 Roles that Journalists can PlayGate- Keeper: decide what news gets covered(or not) and how.

Disseminators: getting to the facts of the story straight and moving the new out to the public quickly, avoiding stories with unverified content, and reaching as wide of an audience as possible.

Interpretive/Investigators: reaction to criticism.

Public mobilizers: develop the cultural and intellectual interest of the public, set the agenda, and let people express their views,
 Framingthe way the media focuses on a particular side or part of a story to gain the attention and influence the public's perception of the story.

 Primingthe way in which the Media's Emphasis on a particular characteristics of people, events,, or issues influences the public's perception of those people,events, or issues.
 Media Effects and Selective Perception- you naturally choose what you want to side with or claim to hear and what you don't.... This usually come into play with party identification and public policy.
 Consequences of Emphasis on Conflict and ImageDefinition
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