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Universities » University of North Carolina-Wil.. » PSY - Psychology » 220 - Child Psychology » Flash Cards

Chapter 2 - Flashcards

Flashcard Deck Information

Class:	PSY 220 - Child Psychology
Subject:	Psychology
University:	University of North Carolina-Wilmington
Term:	Spring 2012

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Adolescence Family Interactions

Method: 220 middle and working class youth in a longitudinal study

5th-12th grade

Results: age changes in the amount of time, context, and content of family interactions

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Experimental Design

Cause and Effect

Independent variable, dependent variable

Researcher directly controls or manipulates change

Must take precautions to control for participants' characteristics that could reduce the validity of their findings.

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Independent Variable

Manipulated by experimenter (ex. Baby einstein music)

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Dependent Variable

Influenced by independent variable

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Control Group

Not receiving exposure

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Experimental Group

Receiving exposure

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Correlational Study

Relationship between two variables that are already occurring in the world.

Example: Classical music and IQ scores

*want to be able to research, but naturally.

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Positive Correlation

as one variable increases, the other increases

Example: The more classical music children listen to, the higher the IQ scores.

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Negative Correlation

As one variable increases, the other decreases

Example: The more classical music children listen to, the lower the IQ scores.

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Developmental Design

Age comparisons

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Longitudinal Study

A longitudinal involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time.

Advantages: Researchers can identify common patterns as well as individual differences in development. Permit investigation to examine relationships between early and later events and behaviors.

Disadvantages: failure to enlist participants to represent the population. Selective attrition: Participants may more away or drop out of study.

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Selective Attrition

When participants move or drop out of a study

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Practice effects

Practices may become "test wise" . Participants know they are being tested. Not because of factors commonly associated with development

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Cohort Effects

Widely discussed threat to Longitudinal findings. Children developing in the same time period who are influenced by particular cultural and historical conditions. Results based on one ____ may not apply to children developing at other times.

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Cross- Sequential

Groups of people differing in age are studied at the same point in time . Immediately

Disadvantage: we cannot tell if important individual differences exist

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Sequential

Conducting several similar cross-sequential or longitudinal studies at varying times.

Try to overcome the limitations of traditional developmental designs

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Microgenetic Design

adaption of the longitudinal approach, presents children with a novel task and follows their mastery over a series of closely spaced sessions. Researchers observe how change occurs.

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1: Protection from harm

Children have the right to be protected from physical or psychological harm in research.

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Informed Consent

Have the right to have research explained to them. . Have the rights to discontinue research at any time,

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Privacy

Right to conceal their identity

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Knowledge of Results

Informed of the results of research in language that is appropriate for them

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Beneficial Treatments

Children have the right to alternative beneficial treatments if they are available

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Adolescence Family Interactions	Method: 220 middle and working class youth in a longitudinal study 5th-12th grade Results: age changes in the amount of time, context, and content of family interactions
Experimental Design	Cause and Effect Independent variable, dependent variable Researcher directly controls or manipulates change Must take precautions to control for participants' characteristics that could reduce the validity of their findings.
Independent Variable	Manipulated by experimenter (ex. Baby einstein music)
Dependent Variable	Influenced by independent variable

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Control Group	Not receiving exposure
Experimental Group	Receiving exposure
Correlational Study	Relationship between two variables that are already occurring in the world. Example: Classical music and IQ scores *want to be able to research, but naturally.
Positive Correlation	as one variable increases, the other increases Example: The more classical music children listen to, the higher the IQ scores.

Generated by

Koofers.com

Negative Correlation	As one variable increases, the other decreases Example: The more classical music children listen to, the lower the IQ scores.
Developmental Design	Age comparisons
Longitudinal Study	A longitudinal involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time. Advantages: Researchers can identify common patterns as well as individual differences in development. Permit investigation to examine relationships between early and later events and behaviors. Disadvantages: failure to enlist participants to represent the population. Selective attrition: Participants may more away or drop out of study.
Selective Attrition	When participants move or drop out of a study

Generated by

Koofers.com

Practice effects	Practices may become "test wise" . Participants know they are being tested. Not because of factors commonly associated with development
Cohort Effects	Widely discussed threat to Longitudinal findings. Children developing in the same time period who are influenced by particular cultural and historical conditions. Results based on one ____ may not apply to children developing at other times.
Cross- Sequential	Groups of people differing in age are studied at the same point in time . Immediately Disadvantage: we cannot tell if important individual differences exist
Sequential	Conducting several similar cross-sequential or longitudinal studies at varying times. Try to overcome the limitations of traditional developmental designs

Generated by

Koofers.com

Microgenetic Design	adaption of the longitudinal approach, presents children with a novel task and follows their mastery over a series of closely spaced sessions. Researchers observe how change occurs.
1: Protection from harm	Children have the right to be protected from physical or psychological harm in research.
Informed Consent	Have the right to have research explained to them. . Have the rights to discontinue research at any time,
Privacy	Right to conceal their identity

Generated by

Koofers.com

Knowledge of Results	Informed of the results of research in language that is appropriate for them
Beneficial Treatments	Children have the right to alternative beneficial treatments if they are available

Generated by

Koofers.com

List View: Terms & Definitions

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	Front	Back
	Adolescence Family Interactions	Method: 220 middle and working class youth in a longitudinal study 5th-12th grade Results: age changes in the amount of time, context, and content of family interactions
	Experimental Design	Cause and Effect Independent variable, dependent variable Researcher directly controls or manipulates change Must take precautions to control for participants' characteristics that could reduce the validity of their findings.
	Independent Variable	Manipulated by experimenter (ex. Baby einstein music)
	Dependent Variable	Influenced by independent variable
	Control Group	Not receiving exposure
	Experimental Group	Receiving exposure
	Correlational Study	Relationship between two variables that are already occurring in the world. Example: Classical music and IQ scores *want to be able to research, but naturally.
	Positive Correlation	as one variable increases, the other increases Example: The more classical music children listen to, the higher the IQ scores.
	Negative Correlation	As one variable increases, the other decreases Example: The more classical music children listen to, the lower the IQ scores.
	Developmental Design	Age comparisons
	Longitudinal Study	A longitudinal involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time. Advantages: Researchers can identify common patterns as well as individual differences in development. Permit investigation to examine relationships between early and later events and behaviors. Disadvantages: failure to enlist participants to represent the population. Selective attrition: Participants may more away or drop out of study.
	Selective Attrition	When participants move or drop out of a study
	Practice effects	Practices may become "test wise" . Participants know they are being tested. Not because of factors commonly associated with development
	Cohort Effects	Widely discussed threat to Longitudinal findings. Children developing in the same time period who are influenced by particular cultural and historical conditions. Results based on one ____ may not apply to children developing at other times.
	Cross- Sequential	Groups of people differing in age are studied at the same point in time . Immediately Disadvantage: we cannot tell if important individual differences exist
	Sequential	Conducting several similar cross-sequential or longitudinal studies at varying times. Try to overcome the limitations of traditional developmental designs
	Microgenetic Design	adaption of the longitudinal approach, presents children with a novel task and follows their mastery over a series of closely spaced sessions. Researchers observe how change occurs.
	1: Protection from harm	Children have the right to be protected from physical or psychological harm in research.
	Informed Consent	Have the right to have research explained to them. . Have the rights to discontinue research at any time,
	Privacy	Right to conceal their identity
	Knowledge of Results	Informed of the results of research in language that is appropriate for them
	Beneficial Treatments	Children have the right to alternative beneficial treatments if they are available

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