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Universities » Arkansas State University (ASU) » PSY - Psychology » 2013 - HNRS INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY » Flash Cards

Chapter 3 - Biological Bases of Behavior - Flashcards

Flashcard Deck Information

Class:	PSY 2013 - HNRS INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY
Subject:	Psychology
University:	Arkansas State University
Term:	Fall 2010

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Individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information

Neurons

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cells found throughout the nervous system that provide various types of support for neurons

glia

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Soma

Cell body; contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells

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Dendrite

the parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information

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Axon

a long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscles or glands

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Myelin Sheath

insulating material secreted by schwann cells that encases some axons

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Terminal Buttons

small knobs that secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters

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Synapse

a junction where information is transmitted form one neuron to another

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Neurotransmitter

chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to another

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Action Potential

a very breif shift in a neuron's electrical charge that travels along an axon. This is the point at which the charges inside and outside the neuron are temporarily reversed so that an axon has a positive charge on the inside and a negative charge on the outside. The change in charge is caused by the rapid influx of sodium into the cell.

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Resting Potential

the stable, negative charge when a cell is inactive

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Seven most researched neurotransmitters

1. Acetylcholine (ACh)
2. Dopamine (DA)
3. Norepinephrine (NE)
4. Serotonin
5. GABA
6. Glutamate
7. Endorphins

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Which neurotransmitter impacts Depressive Disorders?

Norepinephrine (NE)

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Which neurotransmitter impacts Anxiety Disorders?

GABA

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Which neurotransmitter impacts Schizophrenia only?

Glutamate

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Which neurotransmitter impacts Alzheimer's disease?

Acetylcholine (ACh)

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Which neurotransmitter impacts depressive disorders, OCD, and eating disorders?

Serotonin

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Which neurotransmitter impacts Parkinsons, Schizophrenic and addictive disorders?

Dopamine (DA)

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Which neurotransmitter resembles opiate drugs and plays a role in pain relief?

Endorphins

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Afferent Neurons

Carry information to the CNS, away from the PNS

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Efferent Neurons

Carry information away from the CNS, to the PNS

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Somatic Nervous System

made up of nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and to sensory receptors. Major division: afferent and efferent neurons

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Autonomic Nervous System

made up of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands. Controls mainly unconscious functions by the CNS

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Sympathetic Division (ANS)

mobilizes the body's resources for emergencies

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Parasympathetic Division (ANS)

conserves bodily resources

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3 divisions of the brain

1. Hindbrain
2. Midbrain
3. Forebrain

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Spinal Cord

handles simple reflexes

carries information to and from the CNS and PNS

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Sensing, thinking, learning, emotion, consciousness, and voluntary movement

Cerebrum

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part of the limbic system involved in emotion and aggression

Amygdala

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Regulates basic biological needs: hunger, thirst, temperature control

Hypothalamus

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"Master Gland" that regulates other endocrine glands

Pituitary Gland

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Part of the limbic system involved in learning and memory

Hippocampus

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involved in sleep and arousal

Pons

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Regulates largely unconscious functions such as breathing and circulation

Medulla

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transmits information b/w brain and body; simple reflexes

Spinal Cord

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group of fibers that carry stimulation related to sleep & arousal through brainstem

Reticular Formation

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Coordinates fine muscle movement and balance

Cerebellum

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relay center for cortex; handles incoming/outgoing signals

Thalamus

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bridge of fibers passing info b/w two cerebral hemispheres

Corpus Callosum

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Endocrine System

Controls bodily functions by secreting chemicals into the bloodstream. These chemicals, or hormones, are much like neurotransmitters only they are not as fast and tend to be less specific and act on many target cells throughout the body.

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Individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information	Neurons
cells found throughout the nervous system that provide various types of support for neurons	glia
Soma	Cell body; contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells
Dendrite	the parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information

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Axon	a long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscles or glands
Myelin Sheath	insulating material secreted by schwann cells that encases some axons
Terminal Buttons	small knobs that secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters
Synapse	a junction where information is transmitted form one neuron to another

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Koofers.com

Neurotransmitter	chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to another
Action Potential	a very breif shift in a neuron's electrical charge that travels along an axon. This is the point at which the charges inside and outside the neuron are temporarily reversed so that an axon has a positive charge on the inside and a negative charge on the outside. The change in charge is caused by the rapid influx of sodium into the cell.
Resting Potential	the stable, negative charge when a cell is inactive
Seven most researched neurotransmitters	1. Acetylcholine (ACh) 2. Dopamine (DA) 3. Norepinephrine (NE) 4. Serotonin 5. GABA 6. Glutamate 7. Endorphins

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Which neurotransmitter impacts Depressive Disorders?	Norepinephrine (NE)
Which neurotransmitter impacts Anxiety Disorders?	GABA
Which neurotransmitter impacts Schizophrenia only?	Glutamate
Which neurotransmitter impacts Alzheimer's disease?	Acetylcholine (ACh)

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Which neurotransmitter impacts depressive disorders, OCD, and eating disorders?	Serotonin
Which neurotransmitter impacts Parkinsons, Schizophrenic and addictive disorders?	Dopamine (DA)
Which neurotransmitter resembles opiate drugs and plays a role in pain relief?	Endorphins
Afferent Neurons	Carry information to the CNS, away from the PNS

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Efferent Neurons	Carry information away from the CNS, to the PNS
Somatic Nervous System	made up of nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and to sensory receptors. Major division: afferent and efferent neurons
Autonomic Nervous System	made up of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands. Controls mainly unconscious functions by the CNS
Sympathetic Division (ANS)	mobilizes the body's resources for emergencies

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Parasympathetic Division (ANS)	conserves bodily resources
3 divisions of the brain	1. Hindbrain 2. Midbrain 3. Forebrain
Spinal Cord	handles simple reflexes carries information to and from the CNS and PNS
Sensing, thinking, learning, emotion, consciousness, and voluntary movement	Cerebrum

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part of the limbic system involved in emotion and aggression	Amygdala
Regulates basic biological needs: hunger, thirst, temperature control	Hypothalamus
"Master Gland" that regulates other endocrine glands	Pituitary Gland
Part of the limbic system involved in learning and memory	Hippocampus

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involved in sleep and arousal	Pons
Regulates largely unconscious functions such as breathing and circulation	Medulla
transmits information b/w brain and body; simple reflexes	Spinal Cord
group of fibers that carry stimulation related to sleep & arousal through brainstem	Reticular Formation

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Coordinates fine muscle movement and balance	Cerebellum
relay center for cortex; handles incoming/outgoing signals	Thalamus
bridge of fibers passing info b/w two cerebral hemispheres	Corpus Callosum
Endocrine System	Controls bodily functions by secreting chemicals into the bloodstream. These chemicals, or hormones, are much like neurotransmitters only they are not as fast and tend to be less specific and act on many target cells throughout the body.

Generated by

Koofers.com

List View: Terms & Definitions

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	Front	Back
	Individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information	Neurons
	cells found throughout the nervous system that provide various types of support for neurons	glia
	Soma	Cell body; contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells
	Dendrite	the parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information
	Axon	a long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscles or glands
	Myelin Sheath	insulating material secreted by schwann cells that encases some axons
	Terminal Buttons	small knobs that secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters
	Synapse	a junction where information is transmitted form one neuron to another
	Neurotransmitter	chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to another
	Action Potential	a very breif shift in a neuron's electrical charge that travels along an axon. This is the point at which the charges inside and outside the neuron are temporarily reversed so that an axon has a positive charge on the inside and a negative charge on the outside. The change in charge is caused by the rapid influx of sodium into the cell.
	Resting Potential	the stable, negative charge when a cell is inactive
	Seven most researched neurotransmitters	1. Acetylcholine (ACh) 2. Dopamine (DA) 3. Norepinephrine (NE) 4. Serotonin 5. GABA 6. Glutamate 7. Endorphins
	Which neurotransmitter impacts Depressive Disorders?	Norepinephrine (NE)
	Which neurotransmitter impacts Anxiety Disorders?	GABA
	Which neurotransmitter impacts Schizophrenia only?	Glutamate
	Which neurotransmitter impacts Alzheimer's disease?	Acetylcholine (ACh)
	Which neurotransmitter impacts depressive disorders, OCD, and eating disorders?	Serotonin
	Which neurotransmitter impacts Parkinsons, Schizophrenic and addictive disorders?	Dopamine (DA)
	Which neurotransmitter resembles opiate drugs and plays a role in pain relief?	Endorphins
	Afferent Neurons	Carry information to the CNS, away from the PNS
	Efferent Neurons	Carry information away from the CNS, to the PNS
	Somatic Nervous System	made up of nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and to sensory receptors. Major division: afferent and efferent neurons
	Autonomic Nervous System	made up of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands. Controls mainly unconscious functions by the CNS
	Sympathetic Division (ANS)	mobilizes the body's resources for emergencies
	Parasympathetic Division (ANS)	conserves bodily resources
	3 divisions of the brain	1. Hindbrain 2. Midbrain 3. Forebrain
	Spinal Cord	handles simple reflexes carries information to and from the CNS and PNS
	Sensing, thinking, learning, emotion, consciousness, and voluntary movement	Cerebrum
	part of the limbic system involved in emotion and aggression	Amygdala
	Regulates basic biological needs: hunger, thirst, temperature control	Hypothalamus
	"Master Gland" that regulates other endocrine glands	Pituitary Gland
	Part of the limbic system involved in learning and memory	Hippocampus
	involved in sleep and arousal	Pons
	Regulates largely unconscious functions such as breathing and circulation	Medulla
	transmits information b/w brain and body; simple reflexes	Spinal Cord
	group of fibers that carry stimulation related to sleep & arousal through brainstem	Reticular Formation
	Coordinates fine muscle movement and balance	Cerebellum
	relay center for cortex; handles incoming/outgoing signals	Thalamus
	bridge of fibers passing info b/w two cerebral hemispheres	Corpus Callosum
	Endocrine System	Controls bodily functions by secreting chemicals into the bloodstream. These chemicals, or hormones, are much like neurotransmitters only they are not as fast and tend to be less specific and act on many target cells throughout the body.

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