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Universities » Mississippi State University (MS.. » PSY - Psychology » 1013 - Gen Psychology » Flash Cards

Chapters 8 - Flashcards

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Class:PSY 1013 - Gen Psychology
Subject:Psychology
University:Mississippi State University
Term:Fall 2011
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Cognition Thinking, language, and intelligence are studied under this topic
Where are thinking processes distributed? Throughout the brain but especially the frontal lobe
Mental Image Mental representation of a previously stored sensory experience
Concept Mental representation of a group or category that shares similar characteristics
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Mental Set Persistence in using strategies that have worked in the past
Functional Fixedness Thinking of an object
Confirmation Bias Perferring information that confirms preexisting positions or beliefs, while ignoring contradictory evidence 
Availability Heuristic Judging the likelihood of an even based on how readily available other instances are in memory 
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Representative Heuristic Estimating the probability of something based on how well the circumstances match(or represent) a previous prototype
Language Form of communication using sounds of symbols combined according to specified rules 
Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis Language determines thought 
Prelinguistic Stage Crying, cooing, and babbling 
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Linguistic Stage Single utterances, telegraphic speech, & learning the rules of grammar
Nature Perspective Language is an inborn capacity that develops primarily by maturation 
Nuture Perspective Language develops from a complex system of rewards, punishments, & imitation 
American Sign Language Some of the most successful nonhuman animal language studies have used this 
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Intelligence Global capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, & deal effectively with the environment 
Stanford-Binet & Wechsler Most widely used individual intelligence tests 
Standardization Establishes norms & uniform procedures for giving & scoring tests
Reliability Measure of the consistency & stability of test scores when test is readministered 
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Validity Ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure 
Mental Retardation Signigicantly below average in intellectual & adaptive functioning 
Mental Giftedness Being in the top one or two percent 
Savant Syndrome Individuals who generally score very low on IQ tests, but demonstrate exceptional skills or brilliance in specific areas 
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All mental activity results from what? Neural activity in the brain 
Genetic or Environmental influences: Hereditary and environment are important inseparable factors in intellectual development  
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 CognitionThinking, language, and intelligence are studied under this topic
 Where are thinking processes distributed?Throughout the brain but especially the frontal lobe
 Mental ImageMental representation of a previously stored sensory experience
 ConceptMental representation of a group or category that shares similar characteristics
 Mental SetPersistence in using strategies that have worked in the past
 Functional FixednessThinking of an object
 Confirmation BiasPerferring information that confirms preexisting positions or beliefs, while ignoring contradictory evidence 
 Availability HeuristicJudging the likelihood of an even based on how readily available other instances are in memory 
 Representative HeuristicEstimating the probability of something based on how well the circumstances match(or represent) a previous prototype
 LanguageForm of communication using sounds of symbols combined according to specified rules 
 Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesisLanguage determines thought 
 Prelinguistic StageCrying, cooing, and babbling 
 Linguistic StageSingle utterances, telegraphic speech, & learning the rules of grammar
 Nature PerspectiveLanguage is an inborn capacity that develops primarily by maturation 
 Nuture PerspectiveLanguage develops from a complex system of rewards, punishments, & imitation 
 American Sign LanguageSome of the most successful nonhuman animal language studies have used this 
 IntelligenceGlobal capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, & deal effectively with the environment 
 Stanford-Binet & WechslerMost widely used individual intelligence tests 
 StandardizationEstablishes norms & uniform procedures for giving & scoring tests
 ReliabilityMeasure of the consistency & stability of test scores when test is readministered 
 ValidityAbility of a test to measure what it was designed to measure 
 Mental RetardationSignigicantly below average in intellectual & adaptive functioning 
 Mental GiftednessBeing in the top one or two percent 
 Savant SyndromeIndividuals who generally score very low on IQ tests, but demonstrate exceptional skills or brilliance in specific areas 
 All mental activity results from what?Neural activity in the brain 
 Genetic or Environmental influences:Hereditary and environment are important inseparable factors in intellectual development  
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