Koofers

Working...

TESTBANK•PROF RATINGS•GPA HISTORIES•FLASHCARDS•SCHEDULES•TEXTBOOKS•DEALS

Universities » Clemson University (Clemson) » PSYCH - PSYCHOLOGY » 324 - PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCH » Flash Cards

chapter 2 - Flashcards

Flashcard Deck Information

Class:	PSYCH 324 - PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCH
Subject:	PSYCHOLOGY
University:	Clemson University
Term:	Spring 2010

- of -

« Previous card

Next card »

INCORRECT

CORRECT

Click Card to flip

motor neurons

carries commands to the muscles and organs. recieves info from other neurons, carries info to mucles or gland cells for output
multipolar throughout nervous system.

Click Card to flip

dendrites

extensions that branch out from the cell body to recieve info from other neurons. their structure allows them to collect info from many neurons.

Click Card to flip

axon

extends like a tail from the cell body and carries info to other locations.

Click Card to flip

myelin sheath

wraps around the axon to support and provide other benefit.

Click Card to flip

end bulbs or terminals

branches at the end of axons that culminate in swelling. contain neurotransmitters, which the neuron releases to communicate with muscle or organ or the next neuron in a chain.

Click Card to flip

sensory neurons

carry info from the body and from the outside world into the brain and spinal cord. can be unipolar ( outside brain) or bipolar (outside brain and spinal cord)

recieves a particular type of sensory info

"imput"

Click Card to flip

multipolar neuron

a motor neurons axon and dendrites extending in several different directions from the cell body.

Click Card to flip

interneurons

conducts info bt neurons in the same area

multipolar, brain and spinal cord.

Click Card to flip

glial cells

cells that provide structure and function

-oligodendrocytes build myelin around axons an brain and spinal cord
- schwann cells build myelin around axons in the periphery (fatty coating)

Click Card to flip

neurons

specialized cells that recieves info and sends it to other cells
- functional units
- carry info w/i the brain and throughout the brain

Click Card to flip

interneurons

connect 1 neuron to another in a particular part of the CNS

Click Card to flip

neural membrane

critical for the neurons ability to carry information

Click Card to flip

phospholipd molecules

fatty derivates
- heads are attracted to water - orient towards it
- tails are repelled by water- orient away from it

Click Card to flip

polarizations

difference in electrical charge (voltage) bt the inside and outside of the cell

Click Card to flip

resting potential

diff in electrical charge bt the inside and outside of the membrane of a neuron at rest
- serves vital and very adaptive function

Click Card to flip

what causes resting potential

unequal distribution of ions on the 2 sides of the membrane
- atoms or molecules that are + or - charged (ie lost or aquired electrons)

Click Card to flip

absolute refractory period

NA+ channels cannot reopen- cannot produce another action potentials

Click Card to flip

relative refractory preiod

only stimuli stronger than usual can produce action potential-- intensity of the stimulus is encoded by the rate of action potentials (rate law)

Click Card to flip

spontaneous activity

firing of a neuron at rest- firing of a neuron in absence of environmental stimulous

more action potentials if stimulus is stronger- rate law

Click Card to flip

action potentials

only happens at the axons ( not the dendrites or soma)

- its strenth is independent of of the intensity of the stimulus (all- or- none law)
- it does not decay as it travels down an axon ( non decremental)

Click Card to flip

graded potential

like a current going through a wire- directly relates to the stimuli that trigger them- travel very fast but short lived bc it decays

Click Card to flip

presynaptic neuron

sends info

Click Card to flip

postsynaptic neuron

recieves info

Click Card to flip

terminal button

presynaptic terminal
- the connections dont touch - synaptic cleft and presynaptic terminal

Click Card to flip

excitatory postsynaptic potential

partial depolarization (hypopolarization) of the postsynaptic membrane
- makes an action potential more likely to occure in the post- synaptic neuron- higher rate of firing

Click Card to flip

inhibitory postsynaptic potential

hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane
- makes an action potential less likely to occure

Click Card to flip

temporal summation

combines psps arriving a short time apart

Click Card to flip

spatial summation

Click Card to flip

ions

atoms that are charged bc they have gained one or more electrons.

Click Card to flip

sodium and potassium ions

are positively charged

Click Card to flip

concentration gradient

ions move through the membrane to the side where they are less concentrated. result is electrical gradient

Click Card to flip

electrical gradient

ions are attracted to the side that is oppositely charged.

Click Card to flip

sodium- potassium pump

return the few ions that do make it through the membrane. consist of large protein molecules that move sodium ions through the cell membrane to the outside and potassium ions back inside.

Click Card to flip

action potential

effective for only short distances bc it dies out.

an excitory siginal causes a partial depolarization.polarity shifted toward zero. this disturbes the balance in the adjacent membrane. if it exceeds the threshold for activating that neuron, 10 mV more pos than resting potential then it will open the normally closed sodium channels.

Click Card to flip

action potential

abrupt depolarization of the membrane that allows the neuron to communicate over long distances.

Click Card to flip

graded potential

means that it varies in magnituide with the strength of the stimulus that produce it.

Click Card to flip

all-or-none law

means that it occurs at full strenght or it doesnt occure at all.

Click Card to flip

glutamate

excitory neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord. vitally involved in learning, and implicated in schizophrenia

Click Card to flip

GABA

INHABITORY nt. its receptorsrespond to alcohol and the class of tranquilizers called benzodiazepines. deficiency is one cause of epilepsy.

Click Card to flip

glycine

inhibitory transmitter in spinal cord and lower brain.

Click Card to flip

serotonin

- INCORRECT - CORRECT - SKIPPED

Shuffle Remaining Cards Show Definitions First Take Quiz (NEW)

Hide Keyboard shortcuts

Next card

Previous card

Mark correct

Mark incorrect

Flip card

Start Over

Shuffle

Mode: CARDS LIST ? pages

PRINT EXIT

motor neurons	carries commands to the muscles and organs. recieves info from other neurons, carries info to mucles or gland cells for output multipolar throughout nervous system.
dendrites	extensions that branch out from the cell body to recieve info from other neurons. their structure allows them to collect info from many neurons.
axon	extends like a tail from the cell body and carries info to other locations.
myelin sheath	wraps around the axon to support and provide other benefit.

Generated by

Koofers.com

end bulbs or terminals	branches at the end of axons that culminate in swelling. contain neurotransmitters, which the neuron releases to communicate with muscle or organ or the next neuron in a chain.
sensory neurons	carry info from the body and from the outside world into the brain and spinal cord. can be unipolar ( outside brain) or bipolar (outside brain and spinal cord) recieves a particular type of sensory info "imput"
multipolar neuron	a motor neurons axon and dendrites extending in several different directions from the cell body.
interneurons	conducts info bt neurons in the same area multipolar, brain and spinal cord.

Generated by

Koofers.com

glial cells	cells that provide structure and function -oligodendrocytes build myelin around axons an brain and spinal cord - schwann cells build myelin around axons in the periphery (fatty coating)
neurons	specialized cells that recieves info and sends it to other cells - functional units - carry info w/i the brain and throughout the brain
interneurons	connect 1 neuron to another in a particular part of the CNS
neural membrane	critical for the neurons ability to carry information

Generated by

Koofers.com

phospholipd molecules	fatty derivates - heads are attracted to water - orient towards it - tails are repelled by water- orient away from it
polarizations	difference in electrical charge (voltage) bt the inside and outside of the cell
resting potential	diff in electrical charge bt the inside and outside of the membrane of a neuron at rest - serves vital and very adaptive function
what causes resting potential	unequal distribution of ions on the 2 sides of the membrane - atoms or molecules that are + or - charged (ie lost or aquired electrons)

Generated by

Koofers.com

absolute refractory period	NA+ channels cannot reopen- cannot produce another action potentials
relative refractory preiod	only stimuli stronger than usual can produce action potential-- intensity of the stimulus is encoded by the rate of action potentials (rate law)
spontaneous activity	firing of a neuron at rest- firing of a neuron in absence of environmental stimulous more action potentials if stimulus is stronger- rate law
action potentials	only happens at the axons ( not the dendrites or soma) - its strenth is independent of of the intensity of the stimulus (all- or- none law) - it does not decay as it travels down an axon ( non decremental)

Generated by

Koofers.com

graded potential	like a current going through a wire- directly relates to the stimuli that trigger them- travel very fast but short lived bc it decays
presynaptic neuron	sends info
postsynaptic neuron	recieves info
terminal button	presynaptic terminal - the connections dont touch - synaptic cleft and presynaptic terminal

Generated by

Koofers.com

excitatory postsynaptic potential	partial depolarization (hypopolarization) of the postsynaptic membrane - makes an action potential more likely to occure in the post- synaptic neuron- higher rate of firing
inhibitory postsynaptic potential	hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane - makes an action potential less likely to occure
temporal summation	combines psps arriving a short time apart
spatial summation

Generated by

Koofers.com

ions	atoms that are charged bc they have gained one or more electrons.
sodium and potassium ions	are positively charged
concentration gradient	ions move through the membrane to the side where they are less concentrated. result is electrical gradient
electrical gradient	ions are attracted to the side that is oppositely charged.

Generated by

Koofers.com

sodium- potassium pump	return the few ions that do make it through the membrane. consist of large protein molecules that move sodium ions through the cell membrane to the outside and potassium ions back inside.
action potential	effective for only short distances bc it dies out. an excitory siginal causes a partial depolarization.polarity shifted toward zero. this disturbes the balance in the adjacent membrane. if it exceeds the threshold for activating that neuron, 10 mV more pos than resting potential then it will open the normally closed sodium channels.
action potential	abrupt depolarization of the membrane that allows the neuron to communicate over long distances.
graded potential	means that it varies in magnituide with the strength of the stimulus that produce it.

Generated by

Koofers.com

all-or-none law	means that it occurs at full strenght or it doesnt occure at all.
glutamate	excitory neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord. vitally involved in learning, and implicated in schizophrenia
GABA	INHABITORY nt. its receptorsrespond to alcohol and the class of tranquilizers called benzodiazepines. deficiency is one cause of epilepsy.
glycine	inhibitory transmitter in spinal cord and lower brain.

Generated by

Koofers.com

serotonin

Generated by

Koofers.com

List View: Terms & Definitions

Hide All 41 Print

	Front	Back
	motor neurons	carries commands to the muscles and organs. recieves info from other neurons, carries info to mucles or gland cells for output multipolar throughout nervous system.
	dendrites	extensions that branch out from the cell body to recieve info from other neurons. their structure allows them to collect info from many neurons.
	axon	extends like a tail from the cell body and carries info to other locations.
	myelin sheath	wraps around the axon to support and provide other benefit.
	end bulbs or terminals	branches at the end of axons that culminate in swelling. contain neurotransmitters, which the neuron releases to communicate with muscle or organ or the next neuron in a chain.
	sensory neurons	carry info from the body and from the outside world into the brain and spinal cord. can be unipolar ( outside brain) or bipolar (outside brain and spinal cord) recieves a particular type of sensory info "imput"
	multipolar neuron	a motor neurons axon and dendrites extending in several different directions from the cell body.
	interneurons	conducts info bt neurons in the same area multipolar, brain and spinal cord.
	glial cells	cells that provide structure and function -oligodendrocytes build myelin around axons an brain and spinal cord - schwann cells build myelin around axons in the periphery (fatty coating)
	neurons	specialized cells that recieves info and sends it to other cells - functional units - carry info w/i the brain and throughout the brain
	interneurons	connect 1 neuron to another in a particular part of the CNS
	neural membrane	critical for the neurons ability to carry information
	phospholipd molecules	fatty derivates - heads are attracted to water - orient towards it - tails are repelled by water- orient away from it
	polarizations	difference in electrical charge (voltage) bt the inside and outside of the cell
	resting potential	diff in electrical charge bt the inside and outside of the membrane of a neuron at rest - serves vital and very adaptive function
	what causes resting potential	unequal distribution of ions on the 2 sides of the membrane - atoms or molecules that are + or - charged (ie lost or aquired electrons)
	absolute refractory period	NA+ channels cannot reopen- cannot produce another action potentials
	relative refractory preiod	only stimuli stronger than usual can produce action potential-- intensity of the stimulus is encoded by the rate of action potentials (rate law)
	spontaneous activity	firing of a neuron at rest- firing of a neuron in absence of environmental stimulous more action potentials if stimulus is stronger- rate law
	action potentials	only happens at the axons ( not the dendrites or soma) - its strenth is independent of of the intensity of the stimulus (all- or- none law) - it does not decay as it travels down an axon ( non decremental)
	graded potential	like a current going through a wire- directly relates to the stimuli that trigger them- travel very fast but short lived bc it decays
	presynaptic neuron	sends info
	postsynaptic neuron	recieves info
	terminal button	presynaptic terminal - the connections dont touch - synaptic cleft and presynaptic terminal
	excitatory postsynaptic potential	partial depolarization (hypopolarization) of the postsynaptic membrane - makes an action potential more likely to occure in the post- synaptic neuron- higher rate of firing
	inhibitory postsynaptic potential	hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane - makes an action potential less likely to occure
	temporal summation	combines psps arriving a short time apart
	spatial summation
	ions	atoms that are charged bc they have gained one or more electrons.
	sodium and potassium ions	are positively charged
	concentration gradient	ions move through the membrane to the side where they are less concentrated. result is electrical gradient
	electrical gradient	ions are attracted to the side that is oppositely charged.
	sodium- potassium pump	return the few ions that do make it through the membrane. consist of large protein molecules that move sodium ions through the cell membrane to the outside and potassium ions back inside.
	action potential	effective for only short distances bc it dies out. an excitory siginal causes a partial depolarization.polarity shifted toward zero. this disturbes the balance in the adjacent membrane. if it exceeds the threshold for activating that neuron, 10 mV more pos than resting potential then it will open the normally closed sodium channels.
	action potential	abrupt depolarization of the membrane that allows the neuron to communicate over long distances.
	graded potential	means that it varies in magnituide with the strength of the stimulus that produce it.
	all-or-none law	means that it occurs at full strenght or it doesnt occure at all.
	glutamate	excitory neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord. vitally involved in learning, and implicated in schizophrenia
	GABA	INHABITORY nt. its receptorsrespond to alcohol and the class of tranquilizers called benzodiazepines. deficiency is one cause of epilepsy.
	glycine	inhibitory transmitter in spinal cord and lower brain.
	serotonin

The information provided on this site is protected by U.S. and International copyright law, and other applicable intellectual property laws, including laws covering data access and data compilations. This information is provided exclusively for the personal and academic use of students, instructors and other university personnel. Use of this information for any commercial purpose, or by any commercial entity, is expressly prohibited. This information may not, under any circumstances, be copied, modified, reused, or incorporated into any derivative works or compilations, without the prior written approval of Koofers, Inc.