+0
Karma
| Class: | PSYCH 324 - PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCH |
| Subject: | PSYCHOLOGY |
| University: | Clemson University |
| Term: | Spring 2010 |
INCORRECT
CORRECT

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motor neurons
|
carries commands to the muscles and organs. recieves info from other neurons, carries info to mucles or gland cells for output multipolar throughout nervous system. |
|
dendrites
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extensions that branch out from the cell body to recieve info from other neurons. their structure allows them to collect info from many neurons. |
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axon
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extends like a tail from the cell body and carries info to other locations. |
|
myelin sheath
|
wraps around the axon to support and provide other benefit. |
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end bulbs or terminals
|
branches at the end of axons that culminate in swelling. contain neurotransmitters, which the neuron releases to communicate with muscle or organ or the next neuron in a chain. |
|
sensory neurons
|
carry info from the body and from the outside world into the brain and spinal cord. can be unipolar ( outside brain) or bipolar (outside brain and spinal cord) recieves a particular type of sensory info "imput" |
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multipolar neuron
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a motor neurons axon and dendrites extending in several different directions from the cell body. |
|
interneurons
|
conducts info bt neurons in the same area multipolar, brain and spinal cord. |
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glial cells
|
cells that provide structure and function -oligodendrocytes build myelin around axons an brain and spinal cord - schwann cells build myelin around axons in the periphery (fatty coating) |
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neurons
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specialized cells that recieves info and sends it to other cells - functional units - carry info w/i the brain and throughout the brain |
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interneurons
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connect 1 neuron to another in a particular part of the CNS |
|
neural membrane
|
critical for the neurons ability to carry information |
Koofers.com
|
phospholipd molecules
|
fatty derivates - heads are attracted to water - orient towards it - tails are repelled by water- orient away from it |
|
polarizations
|
difference in electrical charge (voltage) bt the inside and outside of the cell |
|
resting potential
|
diff in electrical charge bt the inside and outside of the membrane of a neuron at rest - serves vital and very adaptive function |
|
what causes resting potential
|
unequal distribution of ions on the 2 sides of the membrane - atoms or molecules that are + or - charged (ie lost or aquired electrons) |
Koofers.com
|
absolute refractory period
|
NA+ channels cannot reopen- cannot produce another action potentials |
|
relative refractory preiod
|
only stimuli stronger than usual can produce action potential-- intensity of the stimulus is encoded by the rate of action potentials (rate law) |
|
spontaneous activity
|
firing of a neuron at rest- firing of a neuron in absence of environmental stimulous more action potentials if stimulus is stronger- rate law |
|
action potentials
|
only happens at the axons ( not the dendrites or soma) - its strenth is independent of of the intensity of the stimulus (all- or- none law) - it does not decay as it travels down an axon ( non decremental) |
Koofers.com
|
graded potential
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like a current going through a wire- directly relates to the stimuli that trigger them- travel very fast but short lived bc it decays |
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presynaptic neuron
|
sends info |
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postsynaptic neuron
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recieves info |
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terminal button
|
presynaptic terminal - the connections dont touch - synaptic cleft and presynaptic terminal |
Koofers.com
|
excitatory postsynaptic potential
|
partial depolarization (hypopolarization) of the postsynaptic membrane - makes an action potential more likely to occure in the post- synaptic neuron- higher rate of firing |
|
inhibitory postsynaptic potential
|
hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane - makes an action potential less likely to occure |
|
temporal summation
|
combines psps arriving a short time apart |
|
spatial summation
|
Koofers.com
|
ions
|
atoms that are charged bc they have gained one or more electrons. |
|
sodium and potassium ions
|
are positively charged |
|
concentration gradient
|
ions move through the membrane to the side where they are less concentrated. result is electrical gradient |
|
electrical gradient
|
ions are attracted to the side that is oppositely charged. |
Koofers.com
|
sodium- potassium pump
|
return the few ions that do make it through the membrane. consist of large protein molecules that move sodium ions through the cell membrane to the outside and potassium ions back inside. |
|
action potential
|
effective for only short distances bc it dies out. an excitory siginal causes a partial depolarization.polarity shifted toward zero. this disturbes the balance in the adjacent membrane. if it exceeds the threshold for activating that neuron, 10 mV more pos than resting potential then it will open the normally closed sodium channels. |
|
action potential
|
abrupt depolarization of the membrane that allows the neuron to communicate over long distances. |
|
graded potential
|
means that it varies in magnituide with the strength of the stimulus that produce it. |
Koofers.com
|
all-or-none law
|
means that it occurs at full strenght or it doesnt occure at all. |
|
glutamate
|
excitory neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord. vitally involved in learning, and implicated in schizophrenia |
|
GABA
|
INHABITORY nt. its receptorsrespond to alcohol and the class of tranquilizers called benzodiazepines. deficiency is one cause of epilepsy. |
|
glycine
|
inhibitory transmitter in spinal cord and lower brain. |
Koofers.com
|
serotonin
|
Koofers.com
Front |
Back |
|
|---|---|---|
| motor neurons | carries commands to the muscles and organs. recieves info from other neurons, carries info to mucles or gland cells for output multipolar throughout nervous system. | |
| dendrites | extensions that branch out from the cell body to recieve info from other neurons. their structure allows them to collect info from many neurons. | |
| axon | extends like a tail from the cell body and carries info to other locations. | |
| myelin sheath | wraps around the axon to support and provide other benefit. | |
| end bulbs or terminals | branches at the end of axons that culminate in swelling. contain neurotransmitters, which the neuron releases to communicate with muscle or organ or the next neuron in a chain. | |
| sensory neurons | carry info from the body and from the outside world into the brain and spinal cord. can be unipolar ( outside brain) or bipolar (outside brain and spinal cord) recieves a particular type of sensory info "imput" | |
| multipolar neuron | a motor neurons axon and dendrites extending in several different directions from the cell body. | |
| interneurons | conducts info bt neurons in the same area multipolar, brain and spinal cord. | |
| glial cells | cells that provide structure and function -oligodendrocytes build myelin around axons an brain and spinal cord - schwann cells build myelin around axons in the periphery (fatty coating) | |
| neurons | specialized cells that recieves info and sends it to other cells - functional units - carry info w/i the brain and throughout the brain | |
| interneurons | connect 1 neuron to another in a particular part of the CNS | |
| neural membrane | critical for the neurons ability to carry information | |
| phospholipd molecules | fatty derivates - heads are attracted to water - orient towards it - tails are repelled by water- orient away from it | |
| polarizations | difference in electrical charge (voltage) bt the inside and outside of the cell | |
| resting potential | diff in electrical charge bt the inside and outside of the membrane of a neuron at rest - serves vital and very adaptive function | |
| what causes resting potential | unequal distribution of ions on the 2 sides of the membrane - atoms or molecules that are + or - charged (ie lost or aquired electrons) | |
| absolute refractory period | NA+ channels cannot reopen- cannot produce another action potentials | |
| relative refractory preiod | only stimuli stronger than usual can produce action potential-- intensity of the stimulus is encoded by the rate of action potentials (rate law) | |
| spontaneous activity | firing of a neuron at rest- firing of a neuron in absence of environmental stimulous more action potentials if stimulus is stronger- rate law | |
| action potentials | only happens at the axons ( not the dendrites or soma) - its strenth is independent of of the intensity of the stimulus (all- or- none law) - it does not decay as it travels down an axon ( non decremental) | |
| graded potential | like a current going through a wire- directly relates to the stimuli that trigger them- travel very fast but short lived bc it decays | |
| presynaptic neuron | sends info | |
| postsynaptic neuron | recieves info | |
| terminal button | presynaptic terminal - the connections dont touch - synaptic cleft and presynaptic terminal | |
| excitatory postsynaptic potential | partial depolarization (hypopolarization) of the postsynaptic membrane - makes an action potential more likely to occure in the post- synaptic neuron- higher rate of firing | |
| inhibitory postsynaptic potential | hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane - makes an action potential less likely to occure | |
| temporal summation | combines psps arriving a short time apart | |
| spatial summation | ||
| ions | atoms that are charged bc they have gained one or more electrons. | |
| sodium and potassium ions | are positively charged | |
| concentration gradient | ions move through the membrane to the side where they are less concentrated. result is electrical gradient | |
| electrical gradient | ions are attracted to the side that is oppositely charged. | |
| sodium- potassium pump | return the few ions that do make it through the membrane. consist of large protein molecules that move sodium ions through the cell membrane to the outside and potassium ions back inside. | |
| action potential | effective for only short distances bc it dies out. an excitory siginal causes a partial depolarization.polarity shifted toward zero. this disturbes the balance in the adjacent membrane. if it exceeds the threshold for activating that neuron, 10 mV more pos than resting potential then it will open the normally closed sodium channels. | |
| action potential | abrupt depolarization of the membrane that allows the neuron to communicate over long distances. | |
| graded potential | means that it varies in magnituide with the strength of the stimulus that produce it. | |
| all-or-none law | means that it occurs at full strenght or it doesnt occure at all. | |
| glutamate | excitory neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord. vitally involved in learning, and implicated in schizophrenia | |
| GABA | INHABITORY nt. its receptorsrespond to alcohol and the class of tranquilizers called benzodiazepines. deficiency is one cause of epilepsy. | |
| glycine | inhibitory transmitter in spinal cord and lower brain. | |
| serotonin |
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