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Final Exam Flash Cards - Flashcards
Flashcard Deck Information
| Class: | TEL-T 101 - MEDIA LIFE |
| Subject: | Telecommunications |
| University: | Indiana University - Bloomington |
| Term: | Fall 2009 |
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media multitasking
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more or less deliberate use of multiple media at the same time |
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concurrent media exposure
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being exposed to multiple media at the same time, wheteher people are aware of the exposure or not |
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media artifacts
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the devices people use to participate in a media life |
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media activities
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the activities and practices involved when people use media |
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media arrangements
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how people organize their lives with and around media |
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remediation
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all media are interdependent, in that media are always a remix of older media forms and newer ones |
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pervasive media
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media are always "on", impossible to completely turn off |
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ubiquitous media
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media are everywhere, impossible to completely escape from |
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remixed media
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media that are wholly or in part shaped or created from previous media |
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culture jamming
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remixing media in a reaction against mainstream cultural institutions, generally used to oppose and or disrupt corporate messages |
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society-centric explanations of media life
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such explanations presume that the media mainly reflect the development of the social structure and cultural values of society |
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media-centric explanations of media life
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these explanations presume that a society's media drive or even direct the development of its social structure and cultural values |
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utopian view on media life
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a positive outlook on media life that describes or assumes a world where media contribute to an ideal society |
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dystopian view on media life
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a pessimistic perspective on media life that describes or assumes that media generally create, contribute to, and amplify social problems |
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media as secret-exposing machines
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media expose people to information, experiences and ideas that they often would not have access to in "real" life |
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web 1.0
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the first phase of the wold wide web (1993-2001), determined by personal websites, one-way publishing platforms, and dial-up access |
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web 2.0
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second phase of the world wide web (199-onwards), consisting mainly of websites based on social networks and user-generated content |
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user-generated content
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media (co-) created by users or consumers rather than professional media producers |
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augmented reality
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a direct or indirect view of a physical environment merged with or enhanced by virtual computer-generated imagery |
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lean-forward media
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lean forward media engage the user directly, requiring the user to pay close attention |
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sit-back media
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media that require a low level of active (physical or cognitive) engagement |
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digital shadow
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your digital shadow is the information you create about yourself, and the information others create about you online |
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surveillance
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the systematic monitoring of the many (i.e. people's behavior, actions, and communications) by the few (e.g. companies and government agencies) |
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dataveillance
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dataveillance is the use of ICT in the surveillance of people, where data is primarily gathered (and analyzed) by computers |
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synoptic surveipllance
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a type of surveillance where the many watch the few |
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reciprocal surveillance
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a type of mutual surveillance, were people are monitoring each other on a mass scale |
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droste effect
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constructing multiple versions of you online |
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dataportability
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controlling your personal data based on open software standards allowing people to reuse their data cross different applications online |
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glass consumer
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consumers are transparent to companies by (directly or indirectly) sharing their personal information online |
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personal information economy
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an economy where value is primarily extracted by the gathering of (and/or providing access to) personal data |
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ambient intimacy
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being able to keep in touch with people with a level of regularity and intimacy enhanced by social media |
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byte-sized interactions
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small ways of communicating online (including microblogging, text messaging, and updating one's status on social networks) |
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silent disco
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public gathering of a group of people that use personalized media collectively |
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front-stage of self-presentation
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the generation, management, and people's expectation of a (public) version of yourself |
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hikikomori
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people and/or individuals who have chosen to withdraw from social life (often only connecting to the world via media) |
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creative commons
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a system of free legal licenses that give the artist freedom to decide what restrictions (if any) are placed on their creative work |
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copyright
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a form of intellectual property that gives the author of an original work exclusive right for a certain perimeiod of t |
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copyleft
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the practice of using copyright law to remove all restrictions on distributing copies and modified versions of a work for others |
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digital rights management (drm)
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access control technologies imposing restrictions on the use of digital content and devices |
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pirates dilemna
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the question of whether companies and authorities should combat (digital) piracy or embrace it, as it can be seen as a source of innovation |
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black box fallacy
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the flawed notion or expectation that all our media use will (at some point) be converged within a single device |
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digital divide
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the gap between people with a high degree of access to ict and those with limited access or no access at all |
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participation gap
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the unequal access to opportunities, experiences, skills, and knowledge that will prepare people for full participation in a media life |
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motivational access to media
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personal reasons for wanting to engage or not engage or participate with media |
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material access to media
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having access to media as determine by media artifacts (i.e. hardware and software) |
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usage access to media
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media access in terms of the time and types (e.g. uploading, downloading) of media use |
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skills access to media
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media access shaped by the level of knowledge of how to manage and use media |
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bridging effects of media
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media that function to bring together disparate members of a community |
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bonding effects of media
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media that function to bring people together with similar interests and beliefs |
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centripetal forces in media
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media that are considered to have effects in the form of more social unity, order, cohesion, and integration |
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centrifugal forces in media
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media that are considered to stimulate social change, freedom, individualism, and fragmentation |
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digital democracy
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democracy enhanced by ict, allowing people to find information, engage in deliberation, and participate in decision-making online |
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pareto principle (the 80/20 rule)
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a business rule of thumb involving catering to the majority, suggesting most sales come from a small number of products |
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long tail
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economic nice strategy of selling a large number of unique items in relatively small quantities at low cost, particularly online |
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flexible production
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a production process that creates products and services very quickly in correlation with events and/or the most recent market data |
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productivity paradox
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companies continue to invest in computers and technology, but productivity remains the same (or drops) |
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media life and little boxes
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a type of community based on a solitary group in a single locale |
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media life and glocalization
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a type of community based on shared interest rather than shared kinship or locality |
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media life and networked individualism
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a type of community based on sparsely knit person-to-person connectivity (enabled by wireless/mobile communication) |
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social capital
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a concept that refers to connections and relationships between people that can be economically and/or socially valuable |
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network capital
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the fund of others who provide tangible and intangible resources (e.g. knowledge, support, alliances, and a sense of being connected) |
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networked families
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the extent to which familial relationships are maintained by mediated communication |
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disconnection on demand
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the potential to individually ignore and/or bypass unwanted forms of contact, communication, knowledge, and information online |
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top-down convergence culture
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industry view of convergence: consolidation, integration, and concentration of media ownership, production, marketing, and distribution |
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bottom-up convergence culture
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audience view of convergence: media multitasking, concurrent media exposure, and user-generated content |
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transmedia storytelling
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storytelling across multiple forms of media, with each element making distinctive contributions to people's understanding of the story |
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crossmedia storytelling
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publish/push the same story using multiple forms of media |
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horizontal integration (of media industries)
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a media company acquiring another media company of the same kind (e.g. a newspaper publisher buying another newspaper) |
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vertical integration (of media industries_
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a media company buying up firms providing services in the same line of production (e.g. a film studio buying a movie theater chain) |
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machinima
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the use of 3d graphics to render animations by recording gameplay (for speedruns and multiplayer matches, or to tell alternate stories) |
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game modifications ("mods")
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the modification of videogames into the same medium (different game, same storyline) or into different media (e.g. machinima) |
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interactive advertising
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a type of advertisement that encourages participation, allowing and/or asking input from people |
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participatory digital games
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types of games that require players to work together to achieve certain goals (e.g. role-playing/massively multiplayer games) |
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berlusconi effect
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concentration of media ownership equals political and/or social control ad power |
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baywatch effect
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concentration of media ownership stifles diversity, instead emphasizing commodifiable mass-entertainment products |
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global production networks effect
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production processes (in the media) operate on a global scale through outsourcing ad regional specialization |
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runaway production
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outsourcing and offshoring film and tv production away from hollywood and/or the united states (but now occurring on a global scale) |
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hourglass structure of media industries
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the media consist of a handful of big corporations, few middle-sized companies, and thousands of tiny companies and single contractors |
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digital game localization
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changing elements of a digital game in the hope of making the game more successful in other cultures or regions than one's own |
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remote control journalism
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outsourcing of foreign and domestic news reporting jobs to local journalists instead of sending/employing correspondents |
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precarity (in media work)
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employment in the media industry is extremely unpredictable, and jobs tend to be irregular and temporary |
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editorial logic
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a creative decision-making process that is primarily oriented towards (perceived) peers colleagues, and competitors |
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market logic
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a creative decision-making process that is primarily oriented towards (intended) consumers, audiences, and markets |
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convergence logic
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a creative decision-making process that is primarily oriented towards people as co-creators of products and services (using multiple media) |
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atypical media work
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work in the media that people get paid for, but without benefits usually associated with employments |
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project ecologies (in media work)
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media production that is organized in teams operating simultaneously within, between, and outside of companies and firms |
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equity or 360 deals (in music industry)
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producers, promoters, marketing people, and managers handle every aspect of the artist's career. the artist becomes a brand |
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license deals (in music industry)
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the artist retains copyright and ownership of their work, granting a temporary right to exploit that property to a lebel or firm |
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self-distribution (in music industry)
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music is self-produced, self-written, self-played, and self-marketed. artists can have complete creative control |
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google's pagerank
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a link analysis algorithm that determines a website's importance largely based on how many other sites link to it |
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panopticism
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a systematic ordering and controlling of people by their perception or knowledge of being under constant surveillance |
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truman show delusion
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feeling that the ordinary has changed, constantly searching for meaning, and experiencing a fluidity of the basic sense of identity |
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