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Universities » Rollins College » THE - Theatre » 342 - History of the Theatre II » Flash Cards

Renaissance Test - Flashcards

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Class:THE 342 - History of the Theatre II
Subject:Theatre
University:Rollins College
Term:Fall 2009
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Medici Family Italian family of renowned merchants and patrons of the arts who ruled Florence during the Renaissance (also married into the France royal line)
Cardinal Richelieu advanced Italian culture in France during the reign of Louis XIII; took power from nobles and Protestants and gave it to the King; wanted to establish standards in the arts that went along with Italian ideals
Hotel Bourgogne theatre built by the Confrerie de la Passion (Confraternity of the Passion) in 1548; may have been first theatre built in Europe since Romans; never used by Confrerie for their productions since religious plays were banned in Paris before completion; but it was rented out to other companies for plays
Royal Entertainments : prevalent in France in the 2nd ½ of the 16th century; festivals for Catherine Medici led to Intermezzi-like performances (pageantry and visual spectacle); lack characters and dialogue of plays but have theatrical elements
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Alexander Hardy First professional French playwright; used neoclassical conventions but did not use unities, verisimilitude, or the showing of violent action offstage; produced at Hotel Bourgogne; set the stage for the great era of French theatre in the future
Le Cid Controversy The Cid was a serious play by Corneille, about a couple separated by a quarrel between their fathers and both fight to uphold their honor -hugely popular in France, but attacked by critics for its non-adherence to neoclassical ideals
Pierre Corneille wrote comedies after trying to become a lawyer like his father; Cardinal Richelieu commissioned him to join the Society of Five Authors and write for him; began writing plays that adhered to neoclassical ideas after The Cid (Horace); elected to French academy in 1647; considered theatre a secular art
French Academy :a group in France that had Richelieu’s (and the monarch’s) blessing to dictate drama
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Jean Racine playwright who succeeded in incorporating the neoclassical ideals in his plays; focused on the pressure that was on the chief character and minimized dramatic action; the character unravels
Phaedre play that failed b/c Racine’s enemies had another play open on the same night; but great example of neoclassicism; begins near its final crisis, occurs in a short time, uses beautiful diction
Moliere playwright that insisted on depicting vices and follies truthfully, so his plays tended to shock audiences; -influenced by Commedia dell’arte but always followed NC ideals -his plots frequently resolved by dues ex machine -his theatre went bankrupt in 1645, but in 1658 he performed for Louis XIV -after Tartuffe controversy, his troupe began to write plays for the King in 1665
Tartuffe enormously controversial; read for Louis XIV b/c main character is religious hypocrite; they argued it was an attack on religion and closed it down after a one night performance in 1667 when King was away; then in 1669 it premiered and was a success
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Ballets d'entrees a simple form of ballet at court that even the King could take part in; (featured “entries” of things like elements, people, etc.)
Tennis Court area where “court tennis” could be played; often converted into temporary theatres for other companies since they were long like the Hotel de Bourgogne
Parterre area in front of the stage at the Hotel de Bourgogne where spectators could stand
Loges boxes on the side of the Hotel de Bourgogne
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Paradis third tier of galleries along the side wall of the Hotel de Bourgogne
Theatre du Marais a converted indoor tennis court that opened in 1634; 2nd major theatre in France; competition for the Hotel de Bourgogne
Palais Cardinal : built by Cardinal Richelieu; first proscenium arch theatre in France -had stage at one end; galleries on three sides around it; put in front of stage -could accommodate 1,500 people -50 nobles could sit on stage itself -by 1640s, Italian design and scene shifting technology became standard in France
Salles de Machines commissioned by Cardinal Mazarin for Louis XIV’s marriage in 1660; largest theatre in Europe; 140 ft. of stage and stage machinery; rarely used after 1670 b/c of expense
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Comedie Francaise housed the French nat’l theatre (founded by Louis XIV in 1680) and was moved into its own building in 1689; also a converted tennis court but with better sight lines (had 27 societaires); hallmark of excellence in acting -shares in the company granted to the leading actors (responsible for company policy as well as play picking)
Societaires shareholders in French acting companies (usually 8-12)
Pensionnaires actors contracted to do minor roles in French acting companies
Doyen head of the Comedie Francaise; the actor with the longest service to the troupe
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Scaramouche (Tiberio Fiorello manger of Commedia dell’arte troupe that was most successful in Paris; took up permanent residence there
Armande Bejart Moliere’s wife; created roles in some of his plays; inspired some of his writing; trained for the stage by Moliere; not a happy marriage to Moliere however (she was flirtatious); she ran his theatre after his death and eventually became a member of the Comedie Francaise
Madeline Bejart Armande Bejart’s oldest sister or mother
Why was the Edict of Nantes important to the development of French Drama? -Since it offered non-Catholics (Huguenots) equality and tolerance under French law, it allowed France to stabilize and flourish -they could explore (LA territory) as well as allow the Renaissance to seep in (later than in other countries in Europe)
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What was the cause of the Le Cid controversy? -that the play did not follow the neoclassical ideals: --put too much into 24 hours, mixed genres, inappropriate gender behavior
What was the cause of the Tartuffe Controversy? -that it was an attack on the church; but Moliere argued that it was simply an attack on the people who hide behind religion and exploit it
Why was there a strong Italian influence in France? -because the Medici family married into French royalty and also because Cardinal Richelieu wanted to adhere to the Italian idea of neoclassicism -push for neoclassical ideals as well as Italian scenic design by 1640s -pros arch stage, pole-and-chariot system (Palais Royal)
Why was the formation of the Comedie Francaise a significant event in theater history? -because it was a gov’t supported French nat’l theatre that had a monopoly on spoken drama (it was the first national theatre in the world) -because it had a number of distinguished players and acting was the main focus -utilized the sharing plan of Moliere’s troupe with some modifications -sharers sometimes received less than a full share, and pensionnaires on a fixed salary
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Why was Moliere influenced by commedia dell’arte? -the characters in his plays resemble the stock characters in commedia -ex: in The Miser, Harpagon resembles Pantalone -hypochondriacs and misanthropes too -also utilized farcical humor like commedia -witty dialogue too
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 Medici FamilyItalian family of renowned merchants and patrons of the arts who ruled Florence during the Renaissance (also married into the France royal line)
 Cardinal Richelieuadvanced Italian culture in France during the reign of Louis XIII; took power from nobles and Protestants and gave it to the King; wanted to establish standards in the arts that went along with Italian ideals
 Hotel Bourgognetheatre built by the Confrerie de la Passion (Confraternity of the Passion) in 1548; may have been first theatre built in Europe since Romans; never used by Confrerie for their productions since religious plays were banned in Paris before completion; but it was rented out to other companies for plays
 Royal Entertainments: prevalent in France in the 2nd ½ of the 16th century; festivals for Catherine Medici led to Intermezzi-like performances (pageantry and visual spectacle); lack characters and dialogue of plays but have theatrical elements
 Alexander HardyFirst professional French playwright; used neoclassical conventions but did not use unities, verisimilitude, or the showing of violent action offstage; produced at Hotel Bourgogne; set the stage for the great era of French theatre in the future
 Le Cid ControversyThe Cid was a serious play by Corneille, about a couple separated by a quarrel between their fathers and both fight to uphold their honor
-hugely popular in France, but attacked by critics for its non-adherence to neoclassical ideals
 Pierre Corneillewrote comedies after trying to become a lawyer like his father; Cardinal Richelieu commissioned him to join the Society of Five Authors and write for him; began writing plays that adhered to neoclassical ideas after The Cid (Horace); elected to French academy in 1647; considered theatre a secular art
 French Academy:a group in France that had Richelieu’s (and the monarch’s) blessing to dictate drama
 Jean Racineplaywright who succeeded in incorporating the neoclassical ideals in his plays; focused on the pressure that was on the chief character and minimized dramatic action; the character unravels
 Phaedreplay that failed b/c Racine’s enemies had another play open on the same night; but great example of neoclassicism; begins near its final crisis, occurs in a short time, uses beautiful diction
 Moliereplaywright that insisted on depicting vices and follies truthfully, so his plays tended to shock audiences;
-influenced by Commedia dell’arte but always followed NC ideals
-his plots frequently resolved by dues ex machine
-his theatre went bankrupt in 1645, but in 1658 he performed for Louis XIV
-after Tartuffe controversy, his troupe began to write plays for the King in 1665
 Tartuffeenormously controversial; read for Louis XIV b/c main character is religious hypocrite; they argued it was an attack on religion and closed it down after a one night performance in 1667 when King was away; then in 1669 it premiered and was a success
 Ballets d'entreesa simple form of ballet at court that even the King could take part in; (featured “entries” of things like elements, people, etc.)
 Tennis Courtarea where “court tennis” could be played; often converted into temporary theatres for other companies since they were long like the Hotel de Bourgogne
 Parterrearea in front of the stage at the Hotel de Bourgogne where spectators could stand
 Logesboxes on the side of the Hotel de Bourgogne
 Paradisthird tier of galleries along the side wall of the Hotel de Bourgogne
 Theatre du Maraisa converted indoor tennis court that opened in 1634; 2nd major theatre in France; competition for the Hotel de Bourgogne
 Palais Cardinal: built by Cardinal Richelieu; first proscenium arch theatre in France
-had stage at one end; galleries on three sides around it; put in front of stage
-could accommodate 1,500 people
-50 nobles could sit on stage itself
-by 1640s, Italian design and scene shifting technology became standard in France
 Salles de Machinescommissioned by Cardinal Mazarin for Louis XIV’s marriage in 1660; largest theatre in Europe; 140 ft. of stage and stage machinery; rarely used after 1670 b/c of expense
 Comedie Francaisehoused the French nat’l theatre (founded by Louis XIV in 1680) and was moved into its own building in 1689; also a converted tennis court but with better sight lines (had 27 societaires); hallmark of excellence in acting
-shares in the company granted to the leading actors (responsible for company policy as well as play picking)
 Societairesshareholders in French acting companies (usually 8-12)
 Pensionnairesactors contracted to do minor roles in French acting companies
 Doyenhead of the Comedie Francaise; the actor with the longest service to the troupe
 Scaramouche (Tiberio Fiorellomanger of Commedia dell’arte troupe that was most successful in Paris; took up permanent residence there
 Armande BejartMoliere’s wife; created roles in some of his plays; inspired some of his writing; trained for the stage by Moliere; not a happy marriage to Moliere however (she was flirtatious); she ran his theatre after his death and eventually became a member of the Comedie Francaise
 Madeline BejartArmande Bejart’s oldest sister or mother
 Why was the Edict of Nantes important to the development of French Drama?-Since it offered non-Catholics (Huguenots) equality and tolerance under French law, it allowed France to stabilize and flourish
-they could explore (LA territory) as well as allow the Renaissance to seep in (later than in other countries in Europe)
 What was the cause of the Le Cid controversy?-that the play did not follow the neoclassical ideals:
--put too much into 24 hours, mixed genres, inappropriate gender behavior
 What was the cause of the Tartuffe Controversy?-that it was an attack on the church; but Moliere argued that it was simply an attack on the people who hide behind religion and exploit it
 Why was there a strong Italian influence in France?-because the Medici family married into French royalty and also because Cardinal Richelieu wanted to adhere to the Italian idea of neoclassicism
-push for neoclassical ideals as well as Italian scenic design by 1640s
-pros arch stage, pole-and-chariot system (Palais Royal)
 Why was the formation of the Comedie Francaise a significant event in theater history?-because it was a gov’t supported French nat’l theatre that had a monopoly on spoken drama (it was the first national theatre in the world)
-because it had a number of distinguished players and acting was the main focus
-utilized the sharing plan of Moliere’s troupe with some modifications
-sharers sometimes received less than a full share, and pensionnaires on a fixed salary
 Why was Moliere influenced by commedia dell’arte?-the characters in his plays resemble the stock characters in commedia
-ex: in The Miser, Harpagon resembles Pantalone
-hypochondriacs and misanthropes too
-also utilized farcical humor like commedia
-witty dialogue too
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