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Class:THE 342 - History of the Theatre II
Subject:Theatre
University:Rollins College
Term:Fall 2009
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School Dramas plays written at universities and presented at schools and colleges and not for the public; often reflected Greek and Roman influence but used many medieval dramaturgical techniques (Ralph Roister Doister)
University Wits group of playwrights who were university graduates and professional dramatists; wrote plays based on Roman models but that also used medieval elements; paved way for Shakespeare and his contemporaries
Interludes brief dramatic entertainments written and staged by professionals that were usually presented at court and noble homes
Church of England a religious entity independent of the Catholic church that was created by King Henry VIII in 1534; also known as the Anglican church; part of the Protestant Reformation that was sweeping England
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Iambic Pentameter each verse has five beats to a line with two syllables in each beat and the accent on the second beat
The Globe London’s most popular acting troupe whose playwright was Shakespeare; founded in 1594; toured while theatres were closed in 1597 and when their lease on The Theatre expired in 1599, they built the Globe and were the best in London
Public Theatres “outdoor” or “open air” theatres; primary playing space for adult theatre companies; 12 opened between 1560s and 1642; built outside London
Private Theatres indoor spaces, lit by candles and high windows; often open to the general public but were more expensive so they often excluded poor people by default; smaller than public theatres (600-750 spectators)
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Lords Boxes boxes on 1st tier for wealthier people
Groundlings lower-class spectators who stood in the yard
Yard standing area in public theaters in front of and on the sides of the stage
Blackfriars first private theatre; opened in 1576; used exclusively by boys companies originally then in 1608 used by the King’s Men
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Inigo Jones enowned English designer for court masques; designed for Jonson and others and used lots of spectacle; brought Italian scene design to England and methods of staging that would be standard after the restoration -influenced by Palladio; first design for James was The Masque of Blackness
Ben Jonson playwright during Shakespeare’s time who supervised the publication of his own plays; bridged Elizabethan and Jacobean eras; adept at comedy and tried to follow neoclassical ideals; wrote for Henslowe at the Rose theatre -wrote The Isle of Dogs; a satire that got theatres shut down in London -later became close with James I and others in court and wrote masques
Christopher Marlowe playwright of the University Wits that focused on dramatic poetry; perfected the “chronicle play” (play that emphasizes important public issues); influenced Shakeaspeare; very shady life (rumored to be agent for the Queen as well as an atheist) -used good and bad forces personified as in morality plays
The Rose theatre that Lord Admiral’s Men played at; managed by Henslowe
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Tiring House similar to a Greek skene but possibly had appearance of Roman facade; three story building for changing costumes and storing props and set pieces; exits and entrances at which indicated scene changes -debate about location; built into back wall or separate unit on the stage extending out from rear wall -first level had doorways (at least two); possibly a “discovery space”; theory that it was a pavilion that extended from back wall or tiring house -thoughts of windows or a gallery on second level;
Jacobean Drama drama from 1603-1625 under King James I; period marked by bad relations with Parliament; many elements of Elizabethan drama continued during this period
Caroline Drama drama from 1625-1642 under King Charles I; in 1642 Charles was challenged with a civil war by Puritan takeover; heroism began to give way to cynicism and tragedy to melodrama
Spoken Decor when characters in plays describe the settings and time period of a play to indicate scene changes
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Shareholders elite members of a company who bought a percentage of ownership of the troupe and received that amount of profit
comedy of humours Jonson’s style; each character has an excess of one trait
Beaumont and Fletcher two playwrights of upper class backgrounds that often collaborated that excelled at making plays that had qualities of a tragedy but generally had happy endings; good for Jacobean audiences that demanded romance and witty satire -wrote in ornate, artificial style that was popular (A King and No King)
Masque elaborate court entertainment; flourished during James and Charles; generally created to honor the royal family; emphasis on music, dance, and spectacle (moving, elaborate set pieces); amateur performers (usually members of court); expensive -usually used mythical figures, but monarch ways always the hero **-introduced Italian scenic conventions to theatre in London
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Banqueting Hall at Whitehall built from 1619-1622 by Inigo Jones as a home for court masques, but not used b/c Charles I didn’t want ceiling ruined by torch smoke
Puritans took control of Parliament in 1642; vehemently opposed to theatre and outlawed it; their takeover ended English Renaissance of theatre
Phillip Henslowe manager of Lord Admiral’s Men; left detailed diaries containing props and set lists; worked with Edward Alleyn after he married was married to Henslowe’s daughter
How was Elizabethan theater influenced earlier forms of theater particularly Roman and Medieval? used the episodic structure of medieval morality plays; did not have to follow neoclassical ideals -front of the tiring house thought to have looked the façade of the Skaene frans -Roman influence in revenge obsessed characters like Seneca’s (such as in Hamlet) and in Comic plots of Terence (A Comedy of Errors said to be Plautus’ The Menaechmi -Roman influence through use of supernatural and violence onstage -also utilized the neautral stage like the medieval theatre did
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What are the sources we have that tell us what the Elizabethan theater buildings may have looked like? Do they paint a unified p -Johannes de Witt’s 1596 drawing of the Swan Theatre (not known if it was a show or rehearsal); but we don’t have the original -contracts for the construction of the Fortune in 1600 and the Hope in 1613 -gave dimensions and other facts, but often reference identical features to other theatres which we don’t know -legal documents concerning the Red Lion theatre, and excavations of Rose and Globe theatre -No unified picture b/c the sources are so incomplete and can be interpreted different way
Public Theatres (Diff compared to private) were open air, very large, and cheap so they were very open to the general population -shapes varied, (square, circular and varying platform dimensions (usually 40 by 26 ft.) -varying audience capacities (usually 1,500-3,000 people) -seating in pit, then boxes (wealthy) then galleries. 2nd and 3rd tiers had bench seating -stages were usually thrust stages extending anywhere from ½ or less of the way into the yard; some were thought to be arena stages, however (Boar’s Head)
Private Theatres (diff compared to public) -were indoors, lit by candles and high windows; often open to the general public but were more expensive so they often excluded poor people by default -smaller than public theatres (600-750 spectators) -pit faced stage in one direction and had backless benches; stage extended to side walls and did not extend very far into the pit area -galleries and boxes faced the stage on three sides
EdwardAlleyn Burbage’s contemporary and competition; main heroic actor for Lord Admiral’s Men
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 School Dramasplays written at universities and presented at schools and colleges and not for the public; often reflected Greek and Roman influence but used many medieval dramaturgical techniques (Ralph Roister Doister)
 University Witsgroup of playwrights who were university graduates and professional dramatists; wrote plays based on Roman models but that also used medieval elements; paved way for Shakespeare and his contemporaries
 Interludesbrief dramatic entertainments written and staged by professionals that were usually presented at court and noble homes
 Church of Englanda religious entity independent of the Catholic church that was created by King Henry VIII in 1534; also known as the Anglican church; part of the Protestant Reformation that was sweeping England
 Iambic Pentametereach verse has five beats to a line with two syllables in each beat and the accent on the second beat
 The GlobeLondon’s most popular acting troupe whose playwright was Shakespeare; founded in 1594; toured while theatres were closed in 1597 and when their lease on The Theatre expired in 1599, they built the Globe and were the best in London
 Public Theatres“outdoor” or “open air” theatres; primary playing space for adult theatre companies; 12 opened between 1560s and 1642; built outside London
 Private Theatresindoor spaces, lit by candles and high windows; often open to the general public but were more expensive so they often excluded poor people by default; smaller than public theatres (600-750 spectators)
 Lords Boxesboxes on 1st tier for wealthier people
 Groundlingslower-class spectators who stood in the yard
 Yardstanding area in public theaters in front of and on the sides of the stage
 Blackfriarsfirst private theatre; opened in 1576; used exclusively by boys companies originally then in 1608 used by the King’s Men
 Inigo Jonesenowned English designer for court masques; designed for Jonson and others and used lots of spectacle; brought Italian scene design to England and methods of staging that would be standard after the restoration
-influenced by Palladio; first design for James was The Masque of Blackness
 Ben Jonsonplaywright during Shakespeare’s time who supervised the publication of his own plays; bridged Elizabethan and Jacobean eras; adept at comedy and tried to follow neoclassical ideals; wrote for Henslowe at the Rose theatre
-wrote The Isle of Dogs; a satire that got theatres shut down in London
-later became close with James I and others in court and wrote masques
 Christopher Marloweplaywright of the University Wits that focused on dramatic poetry; perfected the “chronicle play” (play that emphasizes important public issues); influenced Shakeaspeare; very shady life (rumored to be agent for the Queen as well as an atheist)
-used good and bad forces personified as in morality plays
 The Rosetheatre that Lord Admiral’s Men played at; managed by Henslowe
 Tiring Housesimilar to a Greek skene but possibly had appearance of Roman facade; three story building for changing costumes and storing props and set pieces; exits and entrances at which indicated scene changes
-debate about location; built into back wall or separate unit on the stage extending out from rear wall
-first level had doorways (at least two); possibly a “discovery space”; theory that it was a pavilion that extended from back wall or tiring house
-thoughts of windows or a gallery on second level;
 Jacobean Dramadrama from 1603-1625 under King James I; period marked by bad relations with Parliament; many elements of Elizabethan drama continued during this period
 Caroline Dramadrama from 1625-1642 under King Charles I; in 1642 Charles was challenged with a civil war by Puritan takeover; heroism began to give way to cynicism and tragedy to melodrama
 Spoken Decorwhen characters in plays describe the settings and time period of a play to indicate scene changes
 Shareholderselite members of a company who bought a percentage of ownership of the troupe and received that amount of profit
 comedy of humoursJonson’s style; each character has an excess of one trait
 Beaumont and Fletchertwo playwrights of upper class backgrounds that often collaborated that excelled at making plays that had qualities of a tragedy but generally had happy endings; good for Jacobean audiences that demanded romance and witty satire
-wrote in ornate, artificial style that was popular (A King and No King)
 Masqueelaborate court entertainment; flourished during James and Charles; generally created to honor the royal family; emphasis on music, dance, and spectacle (moving, elaborate set pieces); amateur performers (usually members of court); expensive
-usually used mythical figures, but monarch ways always the hero
**-introduced Italian scenic conventions to theatre in London
 Banqueting Hall at Whitehallbuilt from 1619-1622 by Inigo Jones as a home for court masques, but not used b/c Charles I didn’t want ceiling ruined by torch smoke
 Puritanstook control of Parliament in 1642; vehemently opposed to theatre and outlawed it; their takeover ended English Renaissance of theatre
 Phillip Henslowemanager of Lord Admiral’s Men; left detailed diaries containing props and set lists; worked with Edward Alleyn after he married was married to Henslowe’s daughter
 How was Elizabethan theater influenced earlier forms of theater particularly Roman and Medieval?used the episodic structure of medieval morality plays; did not have to follow neoclassical ideals
-front of the tiring house thought to have looked the façade of the Skaene frans
-Roman influence in revenge obsessed characters like Seneca’s (such as in Hamlet) and in Comic plots of Terence (A Comedy of Errors said to be Plautus’ The Menaechmi
-Roman influence through use of supernatural and violence onstage
-also utilized the neautral stage like the medieval theatre did
 What are the sources we have that tell us what the Elizabethan theater buildings may have looked like? Do they paint a unified p-Johannes de Witt’s 1596 drawing of the Swan Theatre (not known if it was a show or rehearsal); but we don’t have the original
-contracts for the construction of the Fortune in 1600 and the Hope in 1613
-gave dimensions and other facts, but often reference identical features to other theatres which we don’t know
-legal documents concerning the Red Lion theatre, and excavations of Rose and Globe theatre
-No unified picture b/c the sources are so incomplete and can be interpreted different way
 Public Theatres (Diff compared to private)were open air, very large, and cheap so they were very open to the general population
-shapes varied, (square, circular and varying platform dimensions (usually 40 by 26 ft.)
-varying audience capacities (usually 1,500-3,000 people)
-seating in pit, then boxes (wealthy) then galleries. 2nd and 3rd tiers had bench seating
-stages were usually thrust stages extending anywhere from ½ or less of the way into the yard; some were thought to be arena stages, however (Boar’s Head)
 Private Theatres (diff compared to public)-were indoors, lit by candles and high windows; often open to the general public but were more expensive so they often excluded poor people by default
-smaller than public theatres (600-750 spectators)
-pit faced stage in one direction and had backless benches; stage extended to side
walls and did not extend very far into the pit area
-galleries and boxes faced the stage on three sides
 EdwardAlleynBurbage’s contemporary and competition; main heroic actor for Lord Admiral’s Men
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