Test 1 with Answer Key for Introductory Psychology | PSY 101, Exams of Psychology

Download Test 1 with Answer Key for Introductory Psychology | PSY 101 and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! NOTE: Some of the bolded answers may be incorrect, but I am pretty sure nearly all are correct But these questions were from Hambrick’s FALL 2011 Exam TEST 1 Which of the following is the component of the limbic system that plays an essential role in acquiring new memories? A) hypothalamus B) thalamus C) medulla D) hippocampus William James founded this movement in psychology: A) psychoanalysis B) behaviorism C) structuralism D) functionalism Psychology is best defined as the science of A) conscious and unconscious mental activity. B) observable responses to the environment. C) behavior and mental processes. D) maladaptive and adaptive behaviors. Which perspective studies the contributions of our genes and our environment to our individual differences? A) cognitive B) behavior genetics C) social-cultural D) psychodynamic Dr. Santaniello conducts research on how children's moral thinking changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Santaniello is a(n) ________ psychologist. A) developmental B) social C) clinical D) industrial/organizational The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of A) muscular coordination. B) visual perception. C) speaking ability. D) pain sensations. Normal visual sensation in the absence of complete visual perception is best illustrated by A) prosopagnosia. B) blindness caused by a detached retina. C) tinnitus. D) sensory interaction. The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a physical stimulus 50 percent of the time is called the A) adaptation threshold. B) difference threshold. C) subliminal threshold. D) absolute threshold. The chemical “messengers” released into the spatial junctions between neurons are called A) hormones. B) neurotransmitters. C) synapses. D) genes. To identify which of Lucy's brain areas was most active when she talked, neuroscientists used a neuroimaging technique that measures blood oxygenation in different brain regions. This technique is known as: A) hemispherectomy. B) fMRI. C) EEG. D) PET scan. The “little brain” attached to the rear of the brainstem, which is involved in skilled movements such as those involved in playing a guitar, is called the A) limbic system. B) corpus callosum. C) cerebellum. D) reticular formation. A subliminal message is one that is presented A) below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness. B) in a manner that is unconsciously persuasive. C) with very soft background music. D) repetitiously. To assess the influence of self-esteem on attraction, researchers either insulted or complimented students about their physical appearance just before they went on a blind date. Then, after the date, the researchers asked the participants questions to measure their attraction to their date. In this research, the dependent variable was A) insults or compliments. B) physical appearance. C) interpersonal attraction. D) feelings of self-esteem. Identical twins share 100% of their genes, compared to fraternal twins, who share ___ of their genes. A) 70% B) 50% C) 25% D) < 10% Last year, Dr. Moritano cleaned Natacha's skin with rubbing alcohol prior to administering each of a series of painful rabies vaccination shots. Which of the following processes accounts for the fact that Natacha currently becomes fearful every time she smells rubbing alcohol? A) negative reinforcement B) classical conditioning C) latent learning D) operant conditioning In Pavlov's experiments on the salivary conditioning of dogs, the unconditioned stimulus was A) a tone. B) salivation to the sound of a tone. C) the presentation of food in the dog's mouth. D) salivation to the food in the mouth. (I think) After learning to fear a white rat, Little Albert responded with fear to the sight of a rabbit. This best illustrates the process of A) secondary reinforcement. B) stimulus generalization. C) shaping. D) spontaneous recovery. Cats received a fish reward whenever they maneuvered themselves out of an enclosed puzzle box. With successive trials, the cats escaped from the box with increasing speed. This illustrates A) latent learning. B) the law of effect. C) respondent behavior. D) spontaneous recovery. An animal trainer is teaching a miniature poodle to balance on a ball. Initially, he gives the poodle a treat for approaching the ball, then only for placing its front paws on the ball, and finally only for climbing on the ball. The trainer is using the method of A) successive approximations. B) delayed reinforcement. C) classical conditioning. D) secondary reinforcement. Jamille performs better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as A) the spacing effect. B) the serial position effect. C) chunking. D) automatic processing. A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli is called ________ memory. A) echoic B) implicit C) iconic D) flashbulb Memory of your familiar old e-mail password may block the recall of your new password. This illustrates A) source amnesia. B) retroactive interference. C) the serial position effect. D) proactive interference. Miss Jan De Jong is orderly, neat, fairly quiet, and shy. She enjoys reading in her spare time and belongs to a social club that includes three librarians, nine real estate agents, and eight social workers. A tendency to conclude that Jan must be one of the three librarians would illustrate the powerful influence of A) confirmation bias. B) the framing effect. C) the availability heuristic. D) the representativeness heuristic. After Miguel's recent automobile accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Broca's area. It is likely that Miguel will have difficulty A) remembering past events. B) speaking fluently. C) reading. D) understanding other people when they speak. Morphemes are A) the smallest speech units that carry meaning. B) the best examples of particular categories of objects. C) the smallest distinctive sound units of a language. D) rules for combining words into grammatically correct sentences. Narcolepsy is a disorder involving A) the temporary cessation of breathing during sleep. B) sudden uncontrollable seizures. C) periodic uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness. D) difficulty falling and staying asleep. Revoking the driver’s license of a reckless driver is intended to serve as a A) negative reinforcement. B) positive reinforcement. C) negative punishment. D) positive punishment. The process of getting information out of long-term memory so that it can be used to accomplish some task is called A) retrieval. B) relearning. C) encoding. D) rehearsal. Ebbinghaus' use of nonsense syllables to study memory led to the discovery that A) the amount remembered depends on the time spent learning. B) what is learned in one mood is most easily retrieved in that same mood. C) information that is automatically processed is rarely forgotten. D) our sensory memory capacity is essentially unlimited. According to Freud, the dreams of adults can be traced back to A) unfulfilled wishes. B) stressful life events. C) physiological needs for brain stimulation. D) random bursts of neural activity. Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation? A) dissociation theory B) social influence theory C) Freud's dream theory D) activation-synthesis theory Heritability refers to the extent to which A) unrelated individuals share common genes. B) genetic mutations can be transmitted to one's offspring. C) adult personality is determined by infant temperament. D) trait differences among individuals are attributable to genetic variations. Dmitry Belyaev and Lyudmila Trut domesticated wild foxes by means of A) environmental enrichment. B) selective mating. C) molecular genetics. D) hormone injections. Loftus and Palmer asked two groups of observers how fast two cars had been going in a filmed traffic accident. Observers who heard the vividly descriptive word “smashed” in relation to the accident later recalled A) broken glass at the scene of the accident. B) that the drivers of the vehicles were intoxicated.